Anything involving humans (but not those who commit crimes) > animals > inanimate objects
With deductions, it is the LOGICAL FALLACIES in play
Overgeneralization
When it comes to studies, we think of the PEOPLE foremost
Exploitation
Floating topic
Act comes first
Disregarding personal autonomy is an act
Universalization is a rational process
A study that treats people as means to an end cannot be applied universally.
A rational deduction that should not be applied universally treats people as a means to an end.
The act of deducing in itself cannot consititue an
Universality principle
Race/income/area should not be sufficient grounds to violate privacy.
Not contingent on overall "good," instead the preservation of individual autonomy. Although it generally does "good," specific cases where personal autonomy and pleasure intersect.
Thus could not be applied universally
Differs from utilitarianism and scientific ethics
Natty scienes
Coca-cola sponsored studies
Results biased toward fat as cause of CAD
Still means to an end: Colonialism/algorithmic prediction
The rational deductions produced by these situations could not be applied universally:
"ALL belief systems should be disrespected."
"People from ALL neighbourhoods should be surveyed more to prevent crime"
Led to decades of unbalanced regulation
Miseducated public; obesity, heart disease
Violates universality principle
Ignored proper scientific procedures for profit
Loss in faith in science
HIV Research in Africa
Not ethical
Uses local communities as means to an end
Even if they benefitted short-term
Violating autonomy
No informed consent, means to an end
Overall more suffering
Gross violation of ethical principles
Human sciences
COMPAS
Violated universality principle
Denying a claim to one person = denying a claim to all
No privacy, excessive force
Immediate personal autonomy not as applicable in post-study deductive processes
Although still highly prevalent
Holden prison
Modern opinions
Unethical
Disrespects prisoner autonomy
Respect autonomy
Autonomy is most basic right, even above happiness
Strict ethical boundaries--this is a gross violation of ethical principles.
Utilitarianism
Even if withhold joy from people
Prison is an extension of individual autonomy
Maxim 2
Kantian incompatibility?
Contrast with modern opinions
