Reaction

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Freezing Point

Example of salts

Ionice Solid

THe ionic solid is made up by Cation and Anion

MgSo4

KI

NaCl

When an acid reacts with base, it forms an ionic compound and water

Produce a precipitate or solid

Diagram

Potential Energy Diagram

Increasing KE = 0

Phase will change with melting and boiling point at this time heat is still adding in but temperature does not change so KE is constant. Change in phase does not involve change in KE

Increasing KE = +

KE only changes during the slope of the phase change diagram. At this time all of heat added isused to speed up particles

Melting Point

Boiling Point

Phase

State

Phase change diagrams

Kinetic Energy

Movement

Potential Energy

Energy is stored in bonds and inter molecular forces of attraction. During the plateau inter molecular forces of attraction are changing therefore PE changes

Stored Energy

Neutralization Reaction

Precipitation reaction

Release energy to let particals ties together and put in more energy to let it break

G

L

S

A+B = A+B+Energy

A+B → C+D ΔH= -KJ

A+B+Energy = C+D

A+B → C+D ΔH= +KJ

Exothermic Reaction

Gain energy in the environment

- ΔH

More energy is released to make the bond than required when new bond is formed

Endothermic Reaction

H is at the Reactants

Less energy in the environment

+ ΔH

More energy is required to break the bond than released when new bond is formed

A change or transfer in energy are called the Heat, or enthalpy, the symbol for enthalpy is ΔH

Energ Changes

Making Bonds/Attraction: Energy is released

Breaking Bonds/Attraction: Energy is required

Energy is measured in Joules (J) often kilo joules (KJ)

1000J = 1kj

Prediction products

Single Replacement

Occurs when an element reacts with a compound to produce an new element and compound

A+BC = B+AC

Double Replacement

Occurs two Ionic compounds reacts together

AB+CD = AD+CB

Combustion

Involving burning a substance with Oxygen

AB+O2 =CO2+H2O

Decomposition

When one reactant break down to two or more product.

AB = A+B

Synthesis

When two or more reactants combine to make one product

A+B = AB

Solubility

Low solubility = solid

Soluble = aqueous

Organic Compounds

Hydro Carbons

16+ Carbon = Solid

5-15 Carbon = Liquid

1-4 Carbon = Gas

Functional groups are mostly liquid

Ionic Compounds

Ionic compound dissolving completely in the water which forms homogeneous solution

These compounds are soluble and it will be aqueous (aq)

Many solution involve mixing, which means water is present.

Other only dissolve lightly, which forms a heterogenous mixture.

These compounds are low solubility so it will be solid (s)

When no water its solid

Small Covalent molecules

Pure NH3 is gas in room tempture

HF is also Hydrogen-Bonds, you can use it as l or g

Water is produced as a gas in combustion

Usually Gases unless its water

State changes

Phase Changes

Gas

Solid

Liquid

When a system is closed the mass of the reactants always equals the mass of products

May difficult to reverse

New State

Energy Changed (Bond form or broken)

New color/ New smell

Used to separate a mixture into pure

A phase changes

No new substance formed

Definition: Result in the formation of new substances, which have a different properties and chemical composition

Definition: Occurs when a substance changes form, does not change it chemical composition.

Chemical and Physical Changes

Physical Changes

Chemical Changes

Law of Conversion