TOPIC 5: Introduction to Sport and Exercise Psychology

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TOPIC 5: Introduction to Sport and Exercise Psychology

Research Method in Sport and Exercise Psychology

Observations

Interviews

Questionnaires

Top Sport psychologist

Dr Steve Peters

Ronnie O’Sullivan-2012,2013 world snooker champion

England FA

Liverpool FC

British cycling team

UK athletics team

PETTLEP

P = Perspective

E= Emotion

L = Learning

T = Training

T = Task

E = Environment

P = Physical

Holmes and Collins’ (2001) PETTLEP model of imagery provides a framework for the effective execution of imagery interventions.

Applications of clinical sport psychology

Psycho-neuromuscular Theory

Suggest that repeated mental practice allows the performer to continue to activate the same brain systems involved in movement.

This theory called the theory of muscle memory

The use of imagery duplicates the motor pattern in the brain, albeit on a smaller scale than with physical practice.

Imagery

Involves the production of mental images in an opponent

Improve performance in activities that require a lot of cognitive activity

It is also termed mental rehearsal or mental practice

Involves the use of visualization procedures to imagine physical performance, in absence of physical movement.

Example of application

Advises coach on factors (tension, life stress) that predispose athletes to injury.

Teaches athlete relaxation and imagery techniques to use during rehab sessions.

Helps athletes to chart and monitor goals for rehab and to return to competition.

Listen to empathy and provides emotional support to injured athletes.

Goal of Sports Psychologists or Sport and Exercise Psychology Coaches

An athlete or person has the ability to reach their potential, achieve peak performance in sport and exercise activity.

Teach athletes techniques that are commonly used in sport psychology

To understand the social-psychological factors that influence people’s behavior and performance in sport and exercise activity.

DEFINITION

Motivation: the drive or action towards a goal

Mental imagery: Clear pictures in your mind of your performance using all the senses (sight, sound, taste, smell and touch) to successfully imagine successful performances

Focus: concentration at the task at hand and the ability to exercise distraction control

Pessimism: the tendency to see the most gloomiest of outcomes.

Optimism: The ability to see the positive side of things.

Self-talk: An internal dialogue

Sports psychology: It is the principles of psychology used in a sport setting.

Links the mental and physical aspects of training.

Athlete can gain the “mental edge” to reach their goals, recover from injury, or gain confidence.

Psychology: The study of human and animal behavior.