Tree Organigram

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Biological Evolution

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Last Universal Common Ancestor -DNA as genetic storage -Ester bonds in cell membrane

Common Ancestor of Eukarya and Archaea -Presence of Histones

Archaea -Ether bonds in cell membrane

Eukarya -Presence of membrane bound nucleus -Presence of membrane bound organelles

Excavata -Feeding Groove -Secondary Plastids

SAR Clade

Rhizaria -Filose Pseudopodia

Foraminiferas

Radiolarians

Common Ancestor of Stramenopila & Alveolata

Alveolata -Mebranous vacuoles -Secondary Plastids -Dinoflagellates have secondary OR tertiary plastids

Stramenopila -Tripartite flagellar hairs -Secondary Plastids

Kelp

Diatoms

Unikonta -Heterotrophy Inherited from Ancestors

Amebozoa -Pseudopodia that extend like tubes or flat lobes -Slime molds

Opisthokonta -Singular Posterior Flagellum on Swimming Cells -Absorptive Heterotrophy

Kingdom Fungi -Fly Agaric & Black Bread Mold - Multicellularity - Chitin Cell Wall -Zygotic Life Cycle with Dikaryotic Stage

Common Ancestor of Choanoflagelletes & Animals

Kingdom Animalia - Multicellularity - Mobility - Complex Organ Systems - Gametic Life Cycle

Eumetazoa -Tissues

Cnideria -Diploblasty -Radial Symmetry

Anthozoa -Usually Only Polyp

Medusozoa

Scyphozoa -Usually Only Medusa

Hydrozoa -Polyp & Medusa

Bilateria -Triploblasty -Bilateral Symmetry -Cephalization

Protostomia -Spiral & Determinate Cleavage -Blastopore Becomes Mouth

Ecdysozoa -Ecdysis -Metamorphosis (most)

Nematoda -Free-living & Parasitic -Complete Digestive Tract -Cuticle -Pseudocoelom

Arthropoda -Chesapeake Blue Crab -"Jointed Foot" -Segmented with Exoskeleton Made of Chitin -Complete Digestive Tract -Open Circulatory System

Chelicerates - Cephalothorax & Abdomen - 4 Pairs of Walking Legs, Pedipalps, & Chelicerae

Pancrustaceans

Hexapoda -Have Six Legs -Insects -Many Have Wings -Head, Thorax, & Abdomen

Crustaceans -Cephalothorax

Lophotrochozoa -Lophophore and/or Trocophore Larvae

Common Ancestor of Mullusca & Annelida

Mullusca -Soft Bodied -Organ Systems -Mantle, Foot, & Visceral Mass -Coelomates

Bivalvia -Two Part Shells

Cephalopoda -Reduced or Absent Shells -Closed Circulatory System

Gastropoda

Annelida -Segmented Worms -Closed Circulatory System -Complete Digestive Tract

Platyhelminthes -Acoelomates -Incomplete Digestive Tract -No Respiratory or Circulatory System

Tapeworms -Parasitic -No Digestive System

Trematodes -Parasitic

Free-Living Rhabditophorans

Deuterosomia -Radial & Indeterminate Cleavage -Blastophore Becomes Anus

Echinodermata -Giant Sea Star - "Spiny Skin" -Water Vascular System -No Brain -Complete Digestive System -Adults are radial symmetrical; larvae are bilaterally symmetrical

Holothuroidea -Sea Cucumbers

Asteroidea -Sea Stars

Echinoidea -Sea Urchins -Sand Dollars

Ophiuroidea -Brittle Stars

Chordata -American Black Bear -Notochord -Dorsal Nerve Cord -Endostyle -Pharyngeal Slits

Cephalocordata

Common Ancestor of Vertebrates & Urochordates

Urochordata

Vertebrates -Cranium -Vertebral Column

Agnathans (Clyclostoma)

Pacific Hagfish

Petromyzontida -Lampreys

Gnathostomes -Jaws -Bony Skeleton

Osteichthyes -Lungs/Lung Derivatives

Lobe-Finned Fishes -Skeleton Extends into Fins

Coelocanths

Common Ancestor of Lungfishes & Tetrapods

Lungfishes

Tetrapods -Four Limbs with Digits

Amniotes -Amniotic Eggs

Reptiles

Archosaurs

Common Ancestor of Birds & Crocodiles

Crocodilians

Birds

Turtles

Lepidosaurs -Snakes -Lizards

Mammalia -Hair -Milk

Monotremes -Egg Laying Mammals

Common Ancestor of Marsupials & Eutherians

Marsupials

Eutherians

Amphibia -Non-Amniotic Eggs

Ray-Finned Fishes

Chondrichthyes -Bony Skeleton is Lost -Cartilaginous Skeleton in Extant Species

Porifera -Asymmetry -No Tissues

Choanoflagellates

Archaeplastida -Primary Plastids

Bacteria -Presence of peptidoglycan in cell wall