Concept of Knowledge

(Nurul Farhana Anas
1510362
section 8)

'alam: ayatullah. "we given two books'

Books of nature

Books of relevation (Quran: the hidden books)

discover meaning of hidden signs

want to know meaning of quran

knowledge is arrival of meaning

Quran invite man to ponder, think and learn

jahlul(ignorance)

doubt

conjecture

baseless speculation (nazar)

extension of subjective
desire, lead to debate

Mira' blameworthy lead to debate

together with negligence,
forgetfulness, sleep and death

to practice with it

to achieve the happiness of both worlds

to distinguish between right and wrong

to get Allah's pleasure

Literally: from word 'ilm : al-ma'rifah,al-fiqh,tadabbur,basiran,tadhakkur,tafakkur.

Technically: realization of the meanings of thing(according to imam al Ghazali)

The arrival of the ma'ma(meaning of an
object in the soul and its arrival of the meaning(Al Attas)

Realization of something in its true nature

a firm belief that accords with the reality of things

There are two types of ignorant:

Simple Ignorant

when a person does not know

Compund Ignorant

when a person think he may know but actually he doesn't know

Imam Al Ghazali

Theoretical (known the states of being as they are
Practical (deal with human to find out)
Presential (direct from Allah)
Acquired (indirect, with effort)
Religious (more specific than transmitted knowledge)
Intellectual (attained by human intellect alone)
Fard'ayn (obligatory every muslim)
Fard kifayah (obligatory for Muslim community as a whole)

Ibnu Khaldun

Intellectual Knowledge

Logic

natural science/physics

medicine

sciences of being beyond
nature/metaphysics

magic & talismans

alchemy

sciences dealing with quantity

geometry

music

astronomy

Transmitted Knowledge

Al Quran

Al Hadith

Jurispudence

Theology (dialectics)

Sufism

Linguistic sciences
(grammar, literature)

Recitation of basmallah

according to Imam Syafie:
Wajib recite Basmallah

Intention is very important

we have to renew our intention

Knowledge is certainty

it is obligatory for every one

Crisis of knowledge

ignorance

corruption of knowledge

in reality it is not knowledge

political

spiritual

economics

knowledge is inside

it can be true or false

within in our soul

outside in our mind is not knowledge,
it is information,data,things(object of knowledge

sometimes Quran refers to
soul as ruh,nafs,aqal,qalb

knowledge is neutral

Causes of leading to the crisis

internal

loss of adab

Adab is invited to a plentiful and marvellous thing

Adab refer to
1) recognition and knowledge of the right and proper place, station,and condition in life
2) to self discipline in possible and willing participation in enacting one's role with that recognition and acknowledgement

external

confrintation with western culture and civilization

Three group make corruption to knowledge

ta'wil al jahilin

intihal al mubtilin (plagiarism)

most serious crime in education, religion

tahrif al ghalin (distorted interpretation of the extremists)

Al Quran

book revealed from Allah to His Last Messenger and transmitted to us through an authentic continuous narration

Pure speech from Allah
- no corruption
- guidance and mercy
proof of prophethood
- light

sunnah

clear path, pattern of life

the acts, saying and
approval of Messenger of Allah

Types of Sunnah

Sunnah of
binding law

specific sunnah
of the Prophet

normal physical acts of
every human being

acts based on
human experience

ruh

without body

nafs

body fulfilling nafs

aqal

when a soul in state of hidayah/to thinking

qalb

confront to reality and truth

lead to proper place

bring justice

gives benefits

purify soul from impure traits

minimize affairs of the world

humble toward teachers

ignore different opinions among people

learning what most important

beautify inner-self with virtue