CRITICAL THINKING AND
PROBLEM SOLVING
PROBLEM-SOLVING
Processes that lead to posing multiple
solutions to situations (Bell, 2010)
Learners discover and internalize knowledge
Meaning Making
Process of validating their answer or telling students what their answer means
Techniques
Peer dialogue
Questioning
Journaling
STAGES OF PROBLEM SOLVING
Define the problem
Identify the Root cause of the Problem
Develop alternative solutions
Choose a solution to test
Evaluate results of testing
CRITICAL THINKING
since World War II
Bloom’s (1956) taxonomy
Learners are creative, curious to
solve problems
Its is a highly individualized
context-specific multi-branching process
Foundation for Critical Thinking
The elements and standards
Generating purposes
Raising questions
Using Information
Using Concepts
Making inferences
Making assumptions
Generating implications
Universal intellectual standards
Clarity
Accuracy
Precision
Relevance
Logic
Fairness
STRATEGIES TO CULTIVATE: CRITICAL THINKING AND PROBLEMS-BASED LEARNING
DISCOVERY LEARNING
Learning is self-regulated
Problem-Based Learning and Project-Based Learning
PBL: Deeper understanding and theory building outcomes (nonspecific)
PjBL: Case-specific understanding practical products (specific situations)
Constructivist experiences
21ST CENTURY KLHLAQ MODEL APPLIED
KNOW-WANT-HOW-LEARN-ACTION-QUESTIONS
TEACHING ADULTS
PEER LEARNING
LEARNERS WORK TOGETHER
USE OF TECHNOLOGY
VIRTUAL THINKING TANKS
COLLABORATIVE DEVELOPMENT
FORMATIVE FEEDBACK
COLLABORATIVE LEARNING
PROVIDE RESPONSABILITIES
REQUEST TEAMS TO WRITE AND SUBMITS DESCRIPTIONS
CASE PROBLEMS
PROVIDE EXPLICIT OPPORTUNITIES TO DEVELOP KNOWLEDGE
REAL-LIFE PBL (Problems based learning)
SIMULATIONS
APPLY
CUSTOMIZE INSTRUCTIONAL NEEDS
PORTFOLIOS
ESSENTIAL PURPOSES AND GOALS
TOOLS FOR PROBLEM SOLVING:
1.ANIMATION SOFTWARE
pictures as moving images
Subtopic
brings abstract reasoning
illustrate, bring to life, or anthropomorphize abstract concepts
excited and motivated learners
extend the research,questioning,logical reasoning,understanding
role-playing scripts
2. CASE STUDIES
written accounts
facilitate, strategize, solve,share and foster participation
3. CONCEPT MAPS
graphical designs to illustrate concepts ,dynamic way
examine understanding
group common information
literature review maps
concept maps
4.DATABASES
organized collection of data
write a report
develops a new perspective of thinking
collecting and managing moderate and large bodies of information
5. DIALOGUE AND QUESTIONS
developing deeper understanding and analysis
sequency questions
6. DIGITAL RECORDINGS (AUDIO AND VIDEO)
audio and video recordings in digital format
use of many devices
articulates and distribute opinions
interviews,comments
create and disseminate content globally
7. FACILITATORS OR GUIDES
facilitators actively sustain goodwill, open communication, and mutual trust
resources not solutions
instructor, walks around,answers question and provide encouragements