Explain how the functions of these three body systems are linked to provide the body with energy.
Respiratory System
A large group of organs working together to transport oxygen to the body and carbon dioxide to the external environment.
Nose
Nasal Cavaty
Oral Cavity
Tongue
Pharynx
Trachea
Bronchi
-Main passage into the lungs
Bronchi oles
The passageways by which air passes through the nose or mouth to the alveoli (air sacs) of the lungs
Diaphragm
Epiglottis
Larynx
Digestive System
A large group of organs that work together to convert food and liquid into energy and basic nutrients that the body needs to grow and repair.
4 Main Processes
Digestion
The breakdown of complex food molecules into smaller food molecules using enzymes.
Stomach
- the stomach contains gastric juices that are made up of hydrochloric acid and enzymes
- food is mixed and churned in the stomach
- there are sphincters at each end of the stomach to move food in or out
Absorption
The movement of digested nutrients into the tissues
Small-Intestine
- has villi and microvilli that improve the absorption of nutrients
- in addition to being the primary site of nutrient absorption, digestion is completed in the small intestine
Egestion
The removal of waste from the body
Liver
- processes foods that have been absorbed
- produces bile
- has many functions beyond those of involved in digestion
Gall bladder
- delivers bile to the first part of the small intestine called the duodenum
Pancreas
- delivers enzymes to the duodenum to assist in the breakdown of nutrients
Large-Intestine
- the large intestine or colon is the place where water reabsorption occurs
Rectum
- ends at the anus
Ingestion
Taking in nutrients
Teeth
Cutting, tearing, grinding and chewing food.
Tongue
Rolls food into a ball so it is easier to swallow.
Salivary glands
Produces saliva which helps to lubricate food so it may be swallowed more easily.
Pharynx
Leads to the trachea and esophagus.
Epiglottis
Prevents food from entering the trachea.
Esophagus
A tube that moves food by process called peristalsis.
Circulatory System
A small group of organs working to transport materials through the body.
Blood
Blood is made up of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma.
-The red blood cells are responsible for carrying oxygen, nutrients, and other materials to and from the tissues.
-White blood cells are mainly used as a defense against bacteria and other disease-causing organisms.
-Platelets assist with the clotting of blood
-plasma functions to carry many dissolved substances.
Blood Vessels
(Arteries, veins, capillaries)
-Arteries are thick walled tubes that usually transport oxygenated blood to the body tissues from the heart.
-Veins are thinner walled tubes that usually transport deoxygenated blood from the body tissues to the heart.
-Capillaries are the site of exchange between the blood and body cells. They exchange oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, and other materials.
Heart
The heart contains four chambers that pump blood to the lungs and to all body parts.
The heart acts as a double pump with the right side receiving deoxygenated blood from the different parts of the body.
The blood is then pumped to the lungs where oxygen diffuses into the blood and it becomes oxygenated.
The oxygenated blood then returns to the left side of the heart where it is pumped to all body parts.