Microorganisms in Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems

Water as Microbial Habitat

Gases in aquatic environments

Light for primary production by autotrophs

Nutrient cycling in marine and freshwater environments

Microorganisms in Marine Ecosystems

Marine environments

Winogradsky columns

Microorganisms in estuaries and salt marshes

Microorganisms in the open ocean

Aquatic viruses

Microorganisms in benthic marine environments

Microorganisms in Freshwater Ecosystems

Microorganisms in glaciers and permanently frozen lakes

Microorganisms in streams and rivers

Microorganisms in lakes