Luingusitics
Branches
Phonetics
Is the study of the sounds of speech. It includes understanding how sounds are made. Ex Glottal consonant, nasal consonant.
Phonology
Study the paterns of sounds and how are they organized. Ex [r] sound, [l] sound
Morphology
Is the study of words, how they are formed, beggining with the smallest part of the language called morphemes. Ex suffixes, prefixes
Syntax
Is the study of how phrases, clauses and sentences are constructed and combined in particular languages. Ex Incorrect - Before we go to the movies.
Correct - I need to rest before we go to the movies.
Discourse Analysis
It analyze the context in orde to understand how affects to the general meaning Ex "What the hell" informal not formal.
Semantics
It looks at the meanings of words and language. It also refers to the multiple meanings of words as well. Ex A toy block could be called a block, a cube, a toy.
Pragmatics
The study of how language is affected by the situation in which it is used, and the relationship between the speaker and listener. Ex "Do you want some coffee?" Does the reply "Coffee will keep me awake" mean yes or no?
Historical Linguistics
Is the study of how languages have changed over time.
Sociolinguistics
Is the study of society and language, depending of the social factors such as speaker age, ethnic identity, location, etc