LINGUISTICS: KEY TERMS

LAYERS OF FORM

SOUNDS

Studies the physical
charasteristic of the sounds of human speech.

DIMENSIONS

1. Voiceless speech sound.
2. Voiced speech sounds.

1. Nasal.
2. Stop.
3. Fricative.
4. Affricative.
5. Approximant.
6. Lateral.

Studies the production, audition and perception of speech sound in the human language.

Minimal pairs are words with different meanings that have the same sounds except for one.

If two sounds are allophones of the same phoneme, they are said to be in complementary distribution.

Glue-Blue Rack-Rock

STRUCTURE

Study of internal construction of words and their elements.

MORPHEMES

Prefix

Stem

Suffix

Is the set of rules, principles, and processes that rule the structure of sentences.

IMPLIES

Is the study of the order of the syntactic components of languages, and how languages employ different orders.

LAYERS OF MEANING

Is the linguistic meaning of use of language.

HOMOPHONES

Words that are pronounced the same but have different meanings.

Pragmatic is the study of how context affects menaing. It is the intention the speaker has when is saying something.

Example: UN- -READ- -ABLE

HOMONYMS

Words spelled and pronounced alike but different in meaning.

ENTAILMENT

Sentence A asserts that sentence B is true.

1- It was Tom who took your jacket.
2- It was not me who took your jacket.

STRUCTURAL
AMBIGUITY

Multiple possible sentence structures.

1- John said that Bill will leave yesterday.
2- John said that Bill will leave tomorrow.

PARAPHRASE

Two sentences with the exact same meaning.

*Angela is an accurate typist.

*Angle types accurately.

CONTRADICTION

Sentence A and B cannot both be true

1- Elizabeth II is Queen of England.
2-Elizabeth II is a man.

LEXICAL
AMBIGUITY

The presence of two or more possible meaning within a single word.

I saw her DUCK

DUCK: Verb and noun.