Matter and The Environment

Biotic and Abiotic Factors

Biotic Factors

All the living thing or their materials that directly or indirectly affect an organism in its environment.

Examples of Biotic Factors 1. Human 2. Mold 3. Oysters 4. Coral 5. Bacteria 6. Morning Glory

Abiotic Factors

Non-living physical and chemical factors which affect the ability of organisms to survive and reproduce.

Examples of Abiotic Factors 1. Virus 2. Crystals 3. Rocks 4. Volcano 5. Stars

Five States of Matter

Solid

Characterized by: 1. Structural rigidity. With a determined shape. 2. Resistance to changes of shape or volume and difficult to deform (in some cases). 3. They occupy a specific area or volume. 4. Molecules are compressed.

Liquid

Characterized by: 1. They take the shape of the container which contains them. 2. Occupy a specific volume. 3. Molecules are separated.

Gas

Characterized by: 1. No definite shape 2. Expand to occupy the entire available volume. 3. Molecules are all over (very separated).

Plasma

Characterized by: 1. Result of rise in temperature of a gas. 2. Gas made up of particles carrying electric charge. ( ionization of gas at higher temperatures).

Bose-Einstein Condensate

Characterized by: 1. Atoms cannot longer bounce around as individuals. 2. Atoms act in exactly the same way. 3. In 1924, Einstein and Bose, predicted a 5th state of matter which occurs at very low temperatures. 4. Discovered for the first time in 1995 by Wolfgang Ketterle

Matter Properties and changes

Chemical Change

A transformation in which the original substance is converted to one or more new subtances.

Chemical Properties: 1. Reaction with acids 2. Reaction with bases (alkalis) 3. Reaction with oxygen 4. Reaction with... (a lot of more things) 5. Ability to act as axidizing agent 6. Ability to combust 7. Ability to act as a reducing agent 8. Reaction with another elements 9. Decomposition into smaller substances 10. Corrosive

Physical Change

A transformation in a physical property that retains the dentity of the substance.

Physical Properties: 1. Melting Point 2. Vapor Pressure 3. Color 4. State of Matter 5. Density- d= m/v 6. Molecular Mass 7. Electrical and Heat Conductivity 8. Solubility 9. Absorption into a surface 10. Hardness

Clasification of Matter

Matter (Solid, Liquid, Gas, Plasma, Einstein-Bose Condensate)

Pure Substance

Compounds

Elements

Mixture

Homogeneous Mixture

Heterogeneous Mixture

<--- Vaporization

Characteristics of living thing

Reproduce

Respond to stimuli

Develop and grow

Composed by cells

Evolve, Adapt overtime in response to the environment

Maintain Homeostasis

Metabolism

+

Deionization --->

H2 + O2

Homogeneous Mixture

Components that make up the mixture are uniformly distributed throughout the mixture. Ex. Air, steel, suger water, rain water, etc.

Solid

Electricity

Deposition --->

Compounds

Chemical species formed when two or more atoms join together chemically. Ex. NaCL, H2O, etc

Example:

Magnesium 1. State: Solid 2. Symbol: Mg 3. Color: Silver 4. Element.

Plasma

<---Sublimation

Fusion --->

<--- Ionization

Gas

Condensation --->

Example:

=

Elements

Substance that cannot be broken down by chemical means. Ex. H, Fe, Cs, Fr, etc.

<--- Freezing

Changes of the State of Matter

Pure Substance

Sample of Matter. with both definite and constant composition.

Liquid

H2O

Heterogeneous Mixture

Components of the mixture are not uniform or have localized regions with different properties. Ex. Pizza, blood, soil, etc.