Microbiology

protist

Chlamydomanous

move with double flagellum

Live in fresh water

Different Types of Protist

Plant like

all autographs contain CHLOROPHYLL that have cell walls 2 major groups

Unicellular algae

multicultural algae

Animal Like

all heterotrophes, classified by how they move

sacodines - amoeba

ameoba

they use there pseudopods to move and eat

This amoeba likes to live in warm water, including warm lakes and rivers, as well as hot springs.

Ciliates - paramecium

paramecium

cilia to move and eat

live in aquatic environments, usually in stagnant, warm water.
Algal photosynthesis provides a food source for Paramecium.

Flagellates - euglena

Euglena

flagella or flagellum

live in fresh and brackish water rich in organic matter and can also be found in moist soils.

Sporozoans - plasmodium

reproduce by asexually by spores

have no means of locomotion

many parasites, which depends on host body fluids to move

Fungus Like

They roll over forest floor feeding on dead organic matter

move very slowly

Reproduction

asexually

spores

budding

fragmentation

Description

Fungi includes a vast variety of organisms such as mushrooms, yeast, and mold, made up of feathery filaments called mycelium.

Fungi are multicellular and eukaryotic.

They are also heterotrophs, and gain nutrition through absorption.

diseases

pathogen: Cryptococcus neoformans

human infections result from the
inhalation of spores and or dried yeast farms made
airborne

Example organisms

good fungus

bacteria that caused outbreak was
Salmonella

6 cases, 0 deaths, 1 hospitalization. Wisconsin, north carlolina, minnesota

diarrhea, fever, and stomach cramps

Throw away the meat, see a doctor for medical attention if consumed

Why is it a concern

It is often multidrug-resistant, meaning that it is resistant to multiple antifungal drugs commonly used to treat Candida infections.

It is difficult to identify with standard laboratory methods, and it can be misidentified in labs without specific technology. Misidentification may lead to inappropriate management.

It has caused outbreaks in healthcare settings. For this reason, it is important to quickly identify C. auris in a hospitalized patient so that healthcare facilities can take special precautions to stop its spread.

What types of infections can C. auris cause

blood stream infections

wound infections

ear infections

who is at risk

People who have recently spent time in nursing homes and have lines and tubes that go into their body (such as breathing tubes, feeding tubes and central venous catheters), seem to be at highest risk for C. auris infection.

Measles, also known as Red Measles or Rubeola, is a serious disease caused by a virus. It is
spread very easily through the air when someone with measles coughs or sneezes, and by
direct contact with infected nose or throat secretions.

who can get measles

Anyone who has been in close contact with someone who has measles can get the disease

symptoms

fever

red watery eyes

cough

complications

Most people recover from measles. Measles can cause serious complications in 20% of
cases, including ear infections, pneumonia, encephalitis (swelling or inflammation of the
brain), seizures, and deafness. In Canada, measles causes death in approximately 1 out of
every 3,000 cases.

Measles can be avoided if everyone takes
the vaccine

Bacteria is ALIVE

They reproduce

Grow in number not size

They need to eat

some make their own food from sunlight - like plants

some are scavengers - share the environment around them

some are warriors (pathogens) - they attack other living things

A pathogen is bacteria that makes you sick

they make you sick to get food they need to survive and reproduce

They produce poisons (toxins) that make you sick

Fever

Headache

vomiting

diarrhea

can destroy body tissue

you can get a pathogen from human contact with someone who is sick

Direct or indirect

Food

Water

other surfaces that are contaminated

To avoid Pathogens

wash your hands often so you wont transfer bacteria to your mouth or food

warm water with soap for 20 seconds rub hard between fingers and nails

cook food thoroughly to kill any pathogens that may be in your food

store food properly to limit pathogen growth

cold temperatures (40 F)

Harmful pathogens are

not all pathogens are harmful, some of them are helpful

Size of Bacteria

single celled organisms

very small

Need a microscope to see

can be found on most materials and surfaces

Bacteria

causes diseases by

Metabolizing their host

Secreting toxins

Can be

Heterotrophic

Photosynthetic

Chemoautotrophic

Are unicellular

Can have shapes like

Are prokaryotic

Have no internal membrane system

Reproduce by infecting living things

viruses are non living

they enter living cells and once
inside the cell they use the machinery
of the infected cell to produce more
viruses

Reproduction

Viruses reproduce in 2 different ways
lysogenic and lytic

Lytic

The virus's embeds its DNA into the hosts DNA

The virus's DNA is replicated along with the host cells DNA

A host cell makes copies of the virus indefinitely

Lysogenic Infection

The host cell is not immediately destroyed

prevention form any viruses

stimulate the immune system to react against the actual diseases

few drugs treat or cure viral disease

antiviral drugs that are effective interfere with viral DNA or RNA synthesis

examples

viruses do not contain the enzymes which antibiotics work

Viral Diseases

Animals

linked to several degenerative
brain diseases

mad cow

creutzfeldt-jacob

Transferred in food

prions are nearly indestructible

Cancer causing viruses
oncogenic viruses

Human papilloma virus

insects can be carriers

plant injuries can make plants get the virus easier

Viroid's - small infectious molecules of single stranded RNA that have no surrounding capsids.

reduces harvest amount

Contagion is a movie that we watched
in class about the spread of a virus (nipah)

in the movie her husband didn't get infected because his immune system was strong and could protect him from the virus

the symptoms were

seizures

high fever

The modes of transmission for this virus was

air bone (coughing)

touching something that was touched by an infected person