phonetics

vowels

monothongs

classified in 3 criteria

tongue height

close

close-mid

mid

open-mid

open

tongue position

front

centre

back

lip position

rounded

spread

neutral

dipthongs

classified in 3 criteria

r

the target sound is higher or closer than the initial one

position of the target sound

centring

closing

fronting

backing

distance of the ini and target element

wide

narrow

prominance of the elements

falling

rising

consonants

four classification criteria

according the position of the vocal folds

voiced

voiceless

according to the position of the soft palate(velum)

oral

soft palate raised

nasal

soft palate lowered

according to the point of articulation

bilabial
labiodental
dental

alveolar

post-alveolar

palatal

velar

labial-velar

glottal

r

bilabial labiodentaldentalalveolarpost-alveolarpalatal velar labial-velarglottal

according to the manner of articulation

complete/full closure

plosives

affricates

nasals

narrowing

fricatives

approximants