Prokaryotes (Jeanette Castano)

Asexual

Binary Fission

Sexual

Horizontal gene transfer

Transformation

cell incorporate foreign DNA

Conjugation

DNA and pilus.

Transduction

Infect bacteria

Energy and Carbon Source

Photoautotroph

Cyanobacteria

Chemoautotroph

Sulfolobus

Chemoheterotroph-

animals

Photoheterotroph

Rhodobacter

Metabolism

Obligated aerobes

cellular respiration

Obligate anaerobes

Fermentation

Facultative Anarobes

can survive with or without O2

Nitrogen fixers

Nitrogen bond turned into AA

Methanogens

Decomposers

Breaking down dead organism

Extremophile

Halophiles

Thermophiles

Acidophiles

Alkalinophiles

Psychrophiles

Cloning

E.coli

Transgenic Plants

Agrobacterium

Make Plastic

Bacteria synthesizing and storing PHA

Biomediation

Use of organisms to remove pollutants from environment. (oil spills)

Bio engineering

Vitamins, antibiotics and hormones

Shape

Coccus (Spherical)

Bacillus (Rod-shape)

Spirilium (spiral)

Proteobacteria (Gram-Negative)

Alpha

Agrobacterium- tumors in plants

Used in genetic engineering.

Beta

Soil bacterium Nitrosomas

Gamma

Thiomargarita namibiensis

Salmonella

Legionella

Escherichia coli resides in the intestines

Delta

Myxobacteria- produces drought resistant "myxospores"

Epsilon

Campylobacter- blood poisoning

Helicobacter Pylori- stomach ulcers

Chlamydias

Live in animal cells

Causes blindness

Spirochetes

Helical heterotrphs

Treponema, pallidum (syphilis) and borrelia.

Cyanobacteria

Photoautotrophs

Involve in the process of endosymbiosis

Gram positive Bacteria

Actinomycetes- decomp soil

Bcillus anthracis- cause of anthrax

clostridium botulinum- cause of botulism

staphylococcus

Mycoplasms- smallestknow cells

Euyarchaeota

Thamarchaeota

Aigarchaeota

Crenarchaeota

Korarchaeota

Biofilm

Teeth plaque

Symbiosis

Two species ive in close contact: larger-smaller

Mutualism

Both organism benefit

Commensalism

one benefit, the other is neither harm or helped

Parasitism

exotoxins-

secreted and cause disease.

endotoxins

Released only when bacteria die.