Rise Of Nationalism 1912-1923

1912-1914 home rule crisis

1916 Easter Rising

1919-1921 War Of Independence

Civil War 1922-23

The Treaty

Truce Called on 11/7/1921

Took 5 months of negotioations

Irish Reason

Britain was gaining upper hand

Martial Law Spreading

IRA was running out of bullets

Ireland was in an economic collapse

British Reason

Financial and political cost OF sending troops

Bad Publicity in British and World press

King George V called for peace

Irish Delegation

Griffith

Collins

Barton

Childers

Duffy

Duggan

Plenipotentiaries

Brugha, De Valera and Stack refused to go

British Delegation

Lyod George

Churchill

Chamberlin

Birkenhead

The Talks

First Proposal

Lloyd made it clear that the King would be Head of State and Ireland would bee partitioned

De Valera sought an Irish Republic

There was no agreement here

Letters

Several proposals

The Threat

Lloyd George threatened an invasion if they didn't sign

Collins signed

Anglo Irish Treaty

26 counties: Irish Free State

Not a republic

Still part of British Empire and King still Head of State

Own Army, Flag, Stamp, Passport and currency

Partition of Ireland kept

Boundary Commission

Decides the boundary of Ireland and the north

Control all trade and foreign policy

All TD'S swear OATH OF ALLEGIANCE to King

Same Status as Canada

Cobh (Spike Island), Berehaven (West Cork) and Lough Swily (Donegal) kept by England

Govener General

Any decision/new law can be overruled by him

Reaction

De Valera is furious

The Dail debates the treaty

Bitterly divided over the terms

For

Refusal would end in war

Stepping stone

Against

Didnt have full independance

Many didn't agree with the partition

They Vote

7 votes decide it

57 vote against

64 vote for

De Valera resigns and walks out

Arthur Griffith Becomes new president

Pro Treaty

Richard Mulcahy

WT Cosgrave

Kevin O'Higgins

Anti Treaty

Dan Breen, Tom Barry Cathal Brugha, Austin Stack

Dail puts it to the peoples vote

Civil War

Build up

British Troops start to leave

Collins takes some British barracks to build up Free state Army

Regulars

Led by General Mulcahy

De Valera takes other barracks for Republicans

Irregulars

Irregulars raid Clonmel barraks

Large supply of guns and ammunition taken

Rorry O'conor and irregulars take over the 4 courts

Collins does not attack

Tries to make Peace Treaty with irregulars

The Vote

People of Ireland vote for the Treaty

Pro treaty 58

Anti Treaty 35

Labour 17

Unionist 4

Other 14

De Valera breaks peace treaty

Sir Henry Wilson murderd in Northern Ireland

British tells Collins that if they dont solve it, they will bring troops

Free State fire on 4 Courts with British 60-pounder artillary Guns and after 32 days they surrender Civil War begins

Events

Breaks out in Dublin

Anti Treaty forces were driven out

Cathal Brugha killed

Thought his dead might stop fighting

Regulars take control Of Dublin

Collins become Commander-in chief

Free state increase soldiers to 60,000

Munster Republic

All anti treaty forces use guerilla tactics south of a line from Limerick to Watford

Collins solutions

Ships troops into Limerick Waterford Cork and Kerry by Boat

Arthur Griffith is Killed of a brain haemorrhage

Collins killed in Beal na Blath

Reaction of unbelievable proportions

Both sides respected him

Coffin shipped out to Dublin

Funeral attended by both sides

Signals the start of the atrocities

WT Cosgrave becomes head of free state

O'Higgins becomes minister for Justice

Public safety Bill

Military Courts/Councils

Possessions of guns could get you executed

77 killed

Collins gave Erskine Childers a gun/ still shot

Internment

Sean Hayes, TD, shot by Irregulars, retaliation shootings carried out

Kevin O'Higgins order execution of Rory O'Connor his best man

The Kerry/March Attrocities

5th

5 free state soldiers killed by a booby trap bomb in north Kerry

6th

8 Irregular Prisoners blown up by landmine in Ballyseedy

7th

4 more prisoners blown up in Killarney

12th

5 irregular prisoners were shot in the legs and strapped to a mine each then blown up near Cahersiveen.

Decided to use Irregular prisoner to clear road blocks

Liam Lynch, leader of Irregulars is killed in Tippary Mountains in April

New Leader Frank Aiken and De Valera called for a Ceasfire

24/5/1923

Civil War ends

Results of the Civil War

4000 people killed during the 10 months of the Civil War

Damage to Infrastructure

We Lost some of Irelands most ablest Leaders

Michael Collins, Arthur Griffith, Rory O'Connor, Erskine Childers and Cathal Brugha

The economy was in a bad way

Great bitterness between opposing sides lasted for decades

Sinn Fein was split and new Political parties emerged

Fine Gael

Fianna Fail

Strengthen political Tradition