Separation Methods

Distillation is used to separate a pure
liquid from a solid-liquid or liquid-liquid mixture

Uses of distillation
-To make perfumes
-Desalination plants

Fractional distillation is used to separate
more than two liquids in a mixture of
miscible liquids.

Uses of fractional distillation:
-To separate crude oil

In reverse osmosis, sea water is pre-treated
to remove debris and contaminants

Evaporation is used to separate a dissolved
solid from a liquid. The dissoled solid must
be stable to heat and not decompose.

The solid left behind as the residue

Uses of evaporation
-to get salt from seawater

Filtration can be used to separate an
insoluble solid from the liquid in a
liquid-solid mixture

Uses of Filtration
-Vacuum cleaners
-Coffee Makers

The insoluble solid is called the residue
and the liquid that passed throught the filter
paper is called the filtrate

Magnetic attraction can be used to separate
magnetic materials from those that are not
attracted by a magnet.

Uses of magnetic attraction:
-Food processing
-To salvage scrap iron and
steel

Paper chromatography is used to
separate small amounts of mixtures.

Uses of paper chromatography:
-To find the dyes used in ink
-To find the dyes used in food