Structural Linguistics
It's the idea of language is a system of constrast and equivalents.
Ferdinand de Saussure
He was born in Switzerland in 1857 and he died in 1913.
Father of the Structural Linguistics.
His most influential work is "Course in General Linguistics", which was published in 1916.
His ideas served for the beginning and development of Modern Linguistics.
His most influential work is "Course in General Linguistics", which was published in 1916
Language is structural
Language is a static system of interconnected units.
main ideas
sign
Signified
Concept of the thing.
Signifier
Sound of the letters or word which we are talking about
It needs a speech community to be recognized.
Speech
It's what the individual speaks.
It's a person using the language as an individual.
Language
It's a system of signs shared by the community.
Syntax and Phonology
Synchrony
A complete language system that is studied in a point of time. Often in a current perspective.
Diachrony
A complete language system that is studied in a historical and evolutionary perspective.
Historical Linguistics
Paradigm
the syntagmatic relations are given in the speech, the words are ordered in a linear way since there is no possibility of pronouncing two elements at the same time.
Syntagm
The paradigmatic relationships are established between alternating units, means, between the signs that could appear in the same place of a statement.
In order to alternate two or more signs, they must belong to the same category.