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作者:yefersson criollo 4 年以前

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Antecedentes históricos yfilosóficos de la psicología

La psicología ha evolucionado a lo largo de diversas eras históricas y filosóficas, cada una contribuyendo con enfoques y teorías distintas. Durante la Edad Media, la psicología estuvo marcada por el dogmatismo religioso y el pensamiento mágico, con figuras como San Agustín y Santo Tomás de Aquino explorando la naturaleza del alma y la relación entre fe y razón.

Antecedentes históricos yfilosóficos de la psicología

Antecedentes históricos y filosóficos de la psicología

To name your story, you have to think about the overall message and what you want your audience to understand from the story. Also, make it relevant and easy to remember.

EDAD CONTEMPORANEA SIGLO XIX Y XX, CIENTIFICA

B. F. Skinner
teoría condicionamiento

recompensar aprendizaje

conductismo
john b. watson

medir en ver

observable y mesurable

psicodinámica
sigmund freud

inconsciente

técnica del psicoanálisis

funcionalismo
william james

la conciencia

repeticiones mejoran destreza

voluntarismo
wilhen wundt

laboratorio 1879 psicología

estructuralismo
titchener

percepción

experiencia previa sensación

imagenes separadas

Experimentación
verdad medida experiencia

metodo cientifico - comportamiento

cognición

EDAD MODERNA SIGLO XV al XVIII

Psicología de la filosofía
espiritualidad
erasmismo
humanismo

Racionalista

Idealismo

Kant

realidad es mental

la razón pura

ilustración escritos

sujeto cognoscente

Empirismo

francis bacon

experiencia interna o externa

sensación

rene descartes

experiencia

ideas, intuición intelectual

lógica y razón

filosofo matemático

pensamiento racional

HUMANISMO RENACENTISMO SIGLO XV a XVI

The ending of a story is essential. We all know that if the ending is weak, what happened before loses its importance. So make it unpredictable, but fair. A resolved ending answers all the questions and ties up any loose threads from the plot.

Ser humano, defiende la verdad a través de la razón

This is the moment when the main character surpasses the last obstacle and finally faces their greatest challenge.
The climax usually follows one of these patterns:


Type in your answer.

Precursores

dante alighieri, francesco petrarca y giovanni boccaccio

EDAD MEDIA siglo V al XV periodo cristiano

The middle of the story is where you add layers of complications that will lead to the end. Reveal more about the character's journey. Did their personality go through changes? How did they overcome the challenges? And as you build up the story’s central conflict, make it more personal to that character. Also, from the middle act, you have to lead into the final act.

Guillermo de ockham
sentido de lo concreto

libertad de las personas

absolutismo en el poder político

fe y razón

santo tomás de aquino

There wouldn't be any tension and excitement in your story if there weren't any obstacles in your character's way.

1225-1274

A story is nothing more than a character overcoming a series of difficulties to reach the desired goal. Obstacles usually create suspense and conflict. In overcoming obstacles, there is growth: weak becomes strong; hatred turns into love; sadness into happiness; wrong into right; lies into truth; or evil becomes good.

See a few examples below:

vis: fuerza, posse: potencia

potencia del alma

estimativa, intelectiva, vegetativa, sensitiva y memoria.

conocimiento de sentidos interiores y exteriores

Naturalismo, Escolástica

estructura primordial de seres

mineral, vegetal, animal y pensamiento

San Agustín de Hipona

Your character(s) need(s) motivation in order to solve the challenge(s).

354 d. C - 430 D.C

Why does your character need to confront this challenge? What does he/she expect to accomplish by solving it?
See a few examples:

diferencia grados, funciones del alma

psicología del pecado original, confesiones

teología y filosofía

estudio del alma y acceso a Dios

memoria + inteligencia + voluntad= alma

476 - 1453

Each story has a main character and that character usually needs to solve a problem or challenge. The character's challenge is the one that creates tension throughout the story.

creencias y apoyo de la iglesia
Parálisis de ciencia en europa

In most stories, there are 3 challenges. The number 3 is a mystical number symbolizing completeness. Try to come up with interesting challenges with which your character needs to struggle.
See a few examples below:

dogmatismo religioso

pensamiento mágico

avances científicos por los árabes

EDAD ANTIGUA siglo VI A.C. pre científicos

In the beginning of the story (or the exposition), you will need to introduce the setting and characters. You might also want to introduce the main conflict. This part of the story is important because it gives the reader necessary background information and maybe even a first insight into a character’s personality.

pensadores presocráticos

The setting (time & place) of a story can change throughout the plot.

Aristóteles

mente y alma silogismo

percepción y mente,

estimulo y respuesta EMPRICA (OBSERVACIÓN)

MATERIALISTA teoria 3 psiquis

Platón

pensamiento idealista

cuerpo se une con los sentidos, cuerpo es la carcel del alma

alma inmortal mora la razón

428-7 - 348

filosofo griego

ser humano en dos partes

sueños y motivación, inconsiente

Dualista

Sócrates

carácter analitico

poder de la palabra

contemplativo filosofía

la verdad en el cuestionario y el diálogo

Mayeutica

470 - 399 A.C

padre de la filosofía

mente y alma

filósofo sofistas

protágoras

relativismo de la percepción

Hipócrates

Sensory details include sight, sound, touch, smell, and taste. These details are important because they create depth in your setting.
See a few examples below:

4 líquidos u humores

diferente cantidades depende del individuo.

sangre, mieles negras, mieles amarillas, flemas.

460 - 370 A.C.

Medico, griego

origen de las enfermedades

Médicos

hopócrates y alcmeon

el cerebo es el centro de la logica

percepción y cognición

Empédocles

The weather is an important element in your story because it can highly influence the ambiance and the mood of the characters.

4 Elementos, 4 humores / 4 órganos / 4 temperamentos, corpus al cosmos

The most affected character is the main character. Write down here if he/she is affected by these weather conditions in any way. For example, if they lost a family member or their home during a hurricane, etc.

Planteamiento racional

Decide if you want to include an element of nature in your story. For example, a rainbow can be a very nice choice for a happy ending. The mist in a story can represent mystery and secrets. A thunder can appear in the background at the moment when the 'bad guy' of the story makes its appearance, etc.

Teoría de los Hipocrática de los humores

495 - 435 A.C.

Does your story include catastrophic weather? See a few suggestions below or add your own:
- hurricane, earthquake, storm, etc

Convierte a la medicina en una disciplina

Heráclito

Dualidad y fuego

cambio constante de todo elemento y fenómeno

formalistas

parmenides, pitágoras y zenón

razonamiento y lógica

verdad absoluta

parmínidas

a verdad a travéz del Ser.

Fundador de la escuela eleática

530 - 515 A.C

Leucipo y demócrito

atomistas

elementos fundamentales, los atomos y el vacio

HERÁCLITO

The time of the story can also change. It can describe the event of a single day or can include an entire year's plot. Anyway, don't forget to mention it.

FUEGO

ANAXIMENES

AIRE

TALES DE MILETO

Your story can take place wherever your imagination will take you to.
For example: in an elevator, in an enchanted forest, etc. Don't forget to give details of the environment each time the setting changes, otherwise, the story can be confusing. Also, mention the seasons as each of them has unique weather and events.

naturalista, agua

pienso, luego existo

620-546 A.C

la verdad por medio de la razón