authority
Organizations often operate with a mix of formal and informal structures that shape relationships and communication patterns among employees. Informal structures influence how tasks are accomplished through unofficial channels, while formal structures define specific, sanctioned relationships and procedures.
開啟
AUTHORITY LEVELS FULL our boss may be coming to you for advice
because you have deep knowledge in that area and he/she trust your judgement. FEPORT each person in the group has the authority to
select a course of action and carry it out. They routine report of action to the leader. RECOMMEND members generate alternative
actions, analyze them and recommend action – group leader make decision INFORMER members can inform their group leader of possible alternatives. The group leader then analyzes the alternatives and make the decision. LINE & STAFF LINE responsibility to make decision and issue
order down the chain of command STAFF responsibility to advice and assist personnel CENTRALIZED & DECENTRALIZED DECENTRALIZED degree to which lower-level employees provides
inpot or actually make decisions middleand first manager make important decisions. CENTRALIZED top manager make important desicion,
lower level employees simply carry out those
order. FORMAL & INFORMAL INFORMAL pattern of relationship and communication
among employees and the unofficial way
of getting the job done FORMAL specific relationship among employees
and sanctioned way of getting the job
