Globalisation affects poverty indirectly and has 2 effects: beneficial and negative effects. NEGATIVE 1)Foreign multinational companies are setting up their businesses in developingcountries and taking away business from the domestic competitors. Thus,
since “multinationals locate most of their assets, owners, top managers, and
research and development activities in their home countries” local companies are
going out of business and people are becoming poorer. 2)There has been a rise in wage inequalities in developed nations. This is due to therising demand for higher skilled labour in society compared to the lesser demand for lower skilled labour. BENEFICIAL --> Globalization results in increased integration and interconnectedness betweendifferent countries. Therefore, now, due to globalization, many developed andeveloping countries are trading and sharing with one another. This has had a
number of positive effects on world poverty. 1) Trade 2) Information exchange 3) Immigration and emmigration 4) Capital movements.
Diseases of poverty reflect the dynamic relationship between poverty and poor health; while such diseases result directly from poverty, they also perpetuate and deepen impoverishment by sapping personal and national health and financial resources.
GP
Poverty
Why the need to solve?
Universal Declaratrion of Human Rights: Article 25.
(1) Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control.
Future economic/ trade/ political/ defence benefits
Improve bilateral ties
Prevent backlash
Gain international support
Stimulate self-sufficiency
Reduce crime
Improve social stability
Moral obligation
Improve political stability
Solutions
Skills upgrading
Redistributive fiscal policies
Fiscal policy is the use of government expenditure and revenue collection to influence the economy.
Promote the practise of Meritocracy
Use of technology
Government handouts
Susidised healthcare
Minimum wages
Subsidised housing
Philanthropy
Good governanace
Eliminate unfair trade practises
Extenstion of loans
Debt cancellation
Land reforms
International Aid
Examples of aid
National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGA), implemented on February 2 2006, first ever law internationally, that guarantees wage employment at an unprecedented scale.
Rich countries
Institutions able to provide aid
World Trade Organisation (WTO)
United Nations
World Food Programme --> Fights hunger
IMF
World Bank
Types of Aid
Education
Technical
Monetary
Food
International competition
Emphasis on innovation and entrepreneurship
Unemployment/ Limited job opportunities
Large families/ lack of birth control
Foreign debt
Low economic growth/ low productivity
Disproportionate centralisation of power
Instead of having a network of political representatives distributed equally throughout society, in centralized systems of governance one major party, politician, or region is responsible for decision-making throughout the country.
Sole reliance on agricultural cycles
Natural disasters
Poor geographical location
Corrupt government/ officials
No access to technology/ inability to improve technology/ update technology
Aging Population
High population growth/ high birth rate
Discrimination towards the poor/ social inequality
Poor economic structure
War/ civil unrest
Lack of skills/ education/ improper training
Issues of/ Related problems of
Mortality rate
Unemployment
Quality of life
Slums/ Unsuitable housing/ Living conditions
Prostitution
Advancement in technology/ Science and Technonology
Countries able to have the latest science and technology have a greater foothold over those who do not have the technology
Science and tech sold for profits = poorer countries cannot afford it.
Automated machines replacing manual labour
Nuclear Weapons
Bio-piracy
Exodus to urban areas
Diseases
pneumonia
Measles
Tuberculosis
Malaria
HIV Aids
Crime
Child Trafficking: Enslavement, prostitution, slavery, pornography, begging, organ trade, child soldiers, so on and so forth.
Statistics by UNICEF report that:
1) Between 30 and 35 percent of all sex workers in Southeast Asia are between the ages of 12 and 17.
2) More than 16,000 Mexican children are engaged in prostitution.
3) Between 20 and 50 percent of Lithuania prostitutes are believed to be minors.
4) Children as young as 11 have been found working as prostitutes.
5) Children as young as 10 years of age have been used to make pornographic photos and/or movies.
Healthcare/ Medical care
Trade Issues/ Protectionism
Food shortage/Food inflation --> Malnutrition/ Starvation
Social Tensions
Resources Management
Employment
Income Inequality
Rich-Poor Divide
Globalisation
Environment
Solutions to date
Alternative energy sources
The Green Movement (e.g changing the consumer lifestyle)
Values-led businesses
Issues
Climate change as political football
Countries playing the blame game
Is Global warming just a hype?
Economic development vs Environmental Sustainability
Impact on humans
Natural Disasters
Health (Pollution)
World water crisis
Areas of destruction
Rising sea levels
climate change
Loss of biodiversity
Reasons
Profit-making motives
Consumerism/ Materialism
Tragedy of the commone (Garret Hardin)
Technologogy
Formal Education
Issues of students
Subtopic
does educated abroad are more independent, aggresive and proactive when tackling problems.
Students playing hooky
Lack creativity
Violence
Suicide
Depression
Overseas Education
Criticisms
Intolerant and rigid
System of mass education belittles students who does not have a flair for the subject and is "sacrificed" to the whole class as there is no allowance to idiosyncrasies
Too much stress and anxiety
Education is very stifling -- no correlation between learning and living
Too focussed on assessments and grades
Lack of independent learning
Rote learning
Conformity
One size fits all
Related problems
Does not cultivate the love for learning
Over emphasis on results
Discipline
Lack of motivation
Stress
Elitism
Aims
accumulation of knowledge and skills that can trigger and sustain economic developement and build attitudes and values.
Instrument of social engineering
Progress
Social Transformation
National development
Individual development
Economic growth
Social Equality
Political Alignment
Ways to improve
Collaborative learning
Varied assessment methods
Research in pedagogies (teaching)
Differentiated learning styles
Alternatives
online education
Studying abroad
Specialised schools
Maths and Science School
Sports School
Arts School
Home schooling
Crime & Punishment
Current Singapore Issues
Freedom of Expression
Sport
