作者：Nina Bharadwaj 2 年以前
96
Rheumatology Dermatomyositis Mindomo Assignment
Dermatomyositis is a rare inflammatory muscle disease characterized by muscle weakness and distinctive skin manifestations. It affects two main age groups: children aged 10-15 and adults aged 40-60, with a prevalence of approximately 1 per 100,000 individuals.
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Dermatomyositis Additional Testing Electromyography MRI Detects muscle inflammation and damage Muscle biopsy Confirms diagnosis Health Promotions Healthy diet Fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean protein Smoking cessation Daily exercise to maintain and restore normal function Treatment Physical therapy Vitamin D and calcium supplementation If taking 5mg/day or more of steroids for more than 3 months Glucocorticoid sparing immunosuppressive agents Rituximab Mycophenolate mofetil Systemic glucocorticoids (prednisone) Symptoms Muscle weakness Difficulty combing hair Difficulty reaching overhead Difficulty getting out of a car Difficulty washing hair Difficulty walking upstairs Difficulty rising from a low chair Symmetrical proximal muscle weakness Insidious onset Joint pain and swelling Myalgias and muscle tenderness Signs Muscle atrophy Reduced proximal muscle strength Periungual telangiectasia Calcinosis cutis Mechanic's hands Psoriasiform changes in scalp Nailfold abnormalities Holster sign Poikilodermatous eruption Facial erythema Heliotrope eruption Gottron sign Gottron papules Laboratory Testing Myositis-specific autoantibodies Anti-SRP Anti-Mi-2 Anti-jo-1 Elevated ESR and CRP Elevated CK, aldolase, AST, ALT, LDH Pathophysiology Perivascular and perimysial infiltration Attack against muscle capillaries and endothelium Antigen specific antibodies Inflammatory myopathy Genetics Genetic component may be less than in other autoimmune disorders Possible links to HLA alleles Epidemiology Occurs in 1 per 100,000 cases Bimodal age distribution 10-15 years-old; 40-60 years-old Etiology Possible environmental factors including viruses (seasonal pattern of incidence) Specific underlying cause is unknown
