CHAPTER 2 :
PLANNING
BENEFITS OF
PLANNING
* A 'road map'
* Better coordination
* A focus on foward thinking
* more effective control system
POOR
PLANNING
Generally considered to be the number
one reason why individuals and organizations
fail to archive their desired end result
SWOT
ANALYSIS
S-Strength
W-Weakness
O-Opportunity
T-Threats
It used to assess strength and
weaknesses in the internal
environment and opportunities
and threats in the external
environment.
SIX STEPS OF
EFFECTIVE DECISION
MAKING
1.Define the problem and
opportunity.
2.Set objective and
criteria.
3.Generate alternatives
4.Select the most feasible
alternative.
5.Implement the decision.
6.Control the result.
GOOD
PLANNING
Effciency and
effectiveness translate into
grater productivity
To minimize
problems in the effort
of getting from point
A to point Z
Good planning
leads more
effective and result
DEFINATION OF
PLANNING
"The process of determining in advance
what should be accomplished and how
it should be realized"-
Mondy , 1993
"Planning is the process of outlining the activities
that are necessary to archive the goals of organization"-
Lewis , Goodman & Fandt , 2001
PLANNING
SHOULD BE
Formally
prepared
Factual , logical
and realistic
May cover a long-
term or short term
period