Forms Expressing Unreality
free use
Would + V
Presen. condit. mood
(refers to pres. or fut.)
I wouldn't do it
Past cond. mood
(to past)
20 years ago I would have strongly
disapproved of you
Can/may
But for you/your (help)
Other modal verbs
Set phrases: had better, would sooner, should like
he'd rather they
left him alone
expressing the highest degree of politeness
Were form
"As it were" phrase
Her portrait had been,as it were,stamped on his heart
traditional use
Subjunctive mood
Expressing a wish
Expressing of concession
Certain imprecations + folk sayings
Manners be changed (к черту хорошие манеры)
Would + inf. after "luck phrases"
Luck would have it (по счастл. стечению обст.)
As luck would have it,
I was invited for that night
"Suffice/far be it" expressions
Far be it from me to contradict you
Includes such expressions:
Be ours a happy meeting!
Long live the King!
As it were...
If only...
Reference to the present
Past Simple (more dramatic)
(to past)
Past Perfect
(to future)
Would+ inf.
exclamatory
Reference to the present
Past PErfect (preceeds)
Past Simple (simult.)
I wished he were with us
I wish he had stayed at home
Past ind. form (V2/were)
Oh, if only Daddy were home!
Oh, if only he had given me a chance!
Reference to the past
Past Perfect form
Reference to the future
Would + inf./ could + inf.
If it would only stop raining for a single day!
dependent use
predicative
Same rules as in Appositive clause
Should + inf. (in the sub. clause)
arter nouns expressing order,suggestion,wish,decision and agreement
He told me of his desire that all should be happy as long
as it involved no inconvenience to himself
Conj. "that"
The idea that he thought himself anything
but intelligent was absurd
Should + inf. (in the subordinate clause)
Subject is expressed by nouns as aim,decision,suggestion (in the principal clause)
My suggestion is that as soon as the rain lets up we should
go along there and see what we can do
adverbial
conditional
but for + noun/pronoun
(real)
I.[Future]
If Pr. Simple, Fut. Simple (e.g. will)
(unreal)
II.[Pr. Future]
If Past Simple, would + inf.
(unreal)
III.[Past]
If Past Perf., would (not) have V3
would + would (polite request)
mixed/split
should + inf.
were to (Future)
(real)
0.[Present]
If Pr. Simple, Pr simple
concession
- even if (даже если)/even though (даже
несмотря на) Past + would + inf.(2)
ЛИБО Past Perf. + would have V3(3)
comparison
as if (как будто бы)/as though (словно) Past Simple/
Past Perfect:
1) simultaneous - Past simple
2) действие было чуть раньше - Past Perf.
3) в буд. - would + inf.
purpose
1. Noun V in order + to inf
2. Noun(1) V so that/so/in order that
Noun(2) V
that\ in order that:
appositive
...[designated word], [appositive], [predicate]...
[There was a] suggestion/think/wish, that [sub.] should + inf.
object
Necessity, recommendation,
suggestion, order, decision
should + inf.
I suggested (that) she should go somewhere
Fear
may + inf.
She was afraid that he had told his mother
It is possible, likely...
it is wonderful, strange...
It observed that he didn't tell me about it
Doubt and negative expressions
if/whether + past simple
He wondered if it was true
Wish
would/might/could + inf. (future, irritation)
I wish he would stop doing it
past ind. (present, wanting change)
I wish he would change his mind and marry me
past perf. (past, regret)
I wish you hadn't eaten so much
It's time + Past Simple
It's time we did it