Influence (Novel Strain)

Back Ground
(CDC, 2021)

Has believed to have been present for 6,000 years

First Isolated in Humans in 1933

Isolated by Christopher Andrews, Wilson Smith and Patrick Laidrow

Epidemiology

United States (%)
(South Dakota Department of Health, 2021)

0-4

r

Symptomatic Illness: 10.2Medical Visits: 14.7Hospitalizations: 5.2Death: 0.8

5-17

r

Symptomatic Illness: 21.6Medical Visits: 24.1Hospitalizations: 4.3Death: 0.6

18-49

r

Symptomatic Illness: 33.5Medical Visits: 26.7Hospitalizations: 13.6Death: 7.2

50-64

r

Symptomatic Illness: 26.0Medical Visits: 24.0Hospitalizations:20.0Death: 16.6

65+

r

Symptomatic Illness: 8.7Medical Visits: 10.4Hospitalizations: 57.0Death: 74.8

World Wide
(CDC, 2021)

Incidence

8.3%

Chain of Infection

Transmitted through droplets
(CDC, 2021)

Sneezing

Coughing

All 3 are the mode of transmission that moves the virus into another person mouth, eyes, or nose. Allowing the virus to enter another host

Covering nose and mouth with coughing or sneezing with help prevent the spread

Talking

Contaminated Surfaces

Its possible an individual can touch a surface with the virus present and then transmit it to themselves by touching their eyes, nose or mouth.

Susceptible Host

Although all of the previous items are present some individuals immune system is able to fight it off

If the body is unable to fight it off these individuals with have the virus

High Risk: weak immune systems due to age (young and old), chronic health conditions (such as diabetes, asthma, or heart disease), and pregnant woman

Public Health Nurse
(Kiser, 2019)

Reporting

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South Dakota has a mandatory report system with CDC for:flu like illnessregional active caseswidespread activity

Surveillance

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The point of surveillance is to monitor the effectiveness of efforts to prevent influenza using state, local and territorial health including data from: influenza activity and where is it present help identify which strain is present identify changes within the virus monitor illness including inpatient, outpatient and deaths

Containment

Isolation

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Providing proper education on how long to stay away from work and out of public places and help isolate the virus. This can help reduce the spread, making sure to wipe down all shared surfaces.

Treatment
(CDC, 2021)

Remedies

Treat symptoms with over the counter medications

Avoid aspirin and pepto dismol for children 18 years of age and younger possible severe complications (Reye's Syndrome)

Meds

Antivirals, this are not a true form of treatment but can shorten/weaken the symptoms

Barriers

Education

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Due to lack of education for the general public they may not understand to receive antiviral medications they need to visit a provider in 24-48 hours from onset of symptoms.

Accessability

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Inability to receive care patients may not have to means to get to care such as not having a vehicle or a license, lack of facilities open outside of the 8am-5pm window.

Finances

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No Health InsuranceLack of adequate health insurance

Prevention

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Reaching the rural parts of South Dakota is one of the hardest parts about preventions. According to American Journal of Public Health they talk about public outreach using facilities that are non-medical for vaccinations (Kiser, 2019). This outreach also includes the increase of exposure for educations purposes. Adding information on the news and formal forms of communications can also help increase awareness (Kiser, 2019). Using these outside facilities also gave a sense of trust as individual news the space such as churches and schools (Kiser, 2019). Along with the increase of educations forms lead to a diverse group of individuals being exposed to new information (Kiser, 2019)

Hand washing

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Education patient on when to wash their hands: when visually soiledafter using the restroombefore eatingafter coughing, sneezing

Pathophysiology
(CDC, 2021)

Symptoms

Fever

cough

sore throat

Runny/stuffy nose

Body aches

Including headaches

Fatigue

Can be due to vomiting or diarrhea this is seen more in children

Stages of Disease

Once exposed/infected symptoms typically show up 2 days later but can be anywhere from 1-4 days

Incubation Period

Individual are contagious for 3-4 days upon their illness beginning

Infection period can start one day prior to symptoms and last 5-7 days after