Language Learning Strategies Classification

Direct Strategies

Memory Strategies

Creating mental linkages

Applying images and sound

Reviewing well

Employing action

Cognitive Strategies

Practising

Receiving and sending messages

Analysing and reasoning

Creating structure for input and output

Compensation Strategies

Guessing intelligently

Overcoming limitations in speaking and writing

Indirect Strategies

Metacognitive Strategies

Centring your learning

Arranging and planning your learning

Evaluating your learning

Affective Strategies

Lowering your anxiety

Encouraging yourself

Taking your emotional temperature

Social Strategies

Asking questions

Cooperating with others

Empathising with others

Direct

Cognitive

Clarification/Verification

Monitoring

Memorisation

Inductive referencing

Deductive referencing

Practice

Metacognitive

Planning

Prioritizing

Setting goals

Self-management

Indirect

Communication

Social

Metacognitive

Planning

Monitoring

Evaluating

Cognitive

Repetition

Grouping

Deduction

Note- taking

Summarizing

Inferencing

Transfer

Elaboration

Resourcing

Auditory representation

Social/ Affective

Motivations

Attitude