Leading

Theories of leadership

Trait Theory

Focuses on what leaders are like
rather than or what they do.

Evaluation and selection are based
on their physical and psychological
characteristics.

Early studies assumed that leader
are born, not made.

Leaders have certain inborn with
certain characteristics or personality
trait.

Behavioral Theories

Would provide more definitive answers

People can learn the characteristics of
leader.

Two aspects of leadership behavior
were looked into.

Leadership functions

University of lowa Studies
-Autocratic style:
Centralized authority, low participation
-Democratic style:
Involvement, high participation, feedback
-Laissez faire style:
Hands-off management

Leadership Styles

The managerial grid

A two- dimensional view
of leadership style develop by
Robert Blake and Jane Mouton in the
1960.

Concern for people

Concern for production

Places managerial styles
in five categories.

Impoverish management

Task management

Middle-of-the-road
management

Country club management

Team management

Contingency Theories
of Leadership

It fit leadership effectiveness
depend on the situation and
another to be able to isolate
situational conditions.

Determine the situational adorableness
of particular situation.

The contingency theory allows for predicting the characteristic of the appropriate situations for effectiveness

Important variables to consider

Leader- member relations
(good or poor)

Task structure
(repetitive or nonrepetitive

Position power
(strong or weak)

Communication

Process of transfer
information and meaning.

Organizational communication
takes place between organization
and among an organization's division/
departments/ project / teams.

Interpersonal communication
takes place between individuals.

Communication is a joint process:

If someone writes, someone reads.

If someone speaks, someone listen.

If someone act, someone watches.

Communication simply means the
process of exchanging information,
which involves the process of
sending and receiving information

Interpersonal communication method,
Example:

Face to face

Telephone

Group meetings

Formal presentations

Memos

Hotlines

Bulletin boards