Nile Delta
Problems:Social/ Environmental ๐
Solutions: Social and Environmental ๐
Population
Increasing
Density
High
Alexandia
Cairo
Low
North Sinai
World Share
Highest ๐จ๐จ๐ง๐ฆ
Lowest ๐ช
๐คฆโ๏ธ
Water Quality
Treatment Plants
57% Operational
13% Constructed & Nonoperational
30% Proposed
Municipal Wastewater
Existence of Heavy Metals
Bad water quality leads to health problems
Water Access
Water Sources
1.3 Reuse of Sewage Water
0.97 Rain &floods โ๏ธ
0.6 Desalination of Sea water ๐
5.2 Reuse of Agricultural Water ๐พ๐ฆ
7.5 groundwater in Delta & Valley
55.3 Share of Nile ๐ก
Water Scarcity
Land Loss
North Delta
Very High Risk
Land degradation due to soil salinity & increase in water table ๐
Middle Delta
Medium Risk
High water table & inflexible crop patterns ๐ฝ๐๐ฅ
South Delta
Very High risk
Land degradation due to urbanization ๐
Climate Change โ๏ธ
Reduces Tourism ๐ฉ๐พ
Affects Agriculture ๐พ๐ฝ
Air and Water Pollution
Affects land and People ๐จ๐จ๐ง๐ฆ
Reuse of Wastewater
Agricultural Drainage Canals
Recycled for irrigation
To plant Forests in the Desert ๐ฟ
Prevents Water Pollution
Classifying Drains
Reuse Drains
Discharge Drains
Potential Water Source
Sustainable
Treat Wastewater for further usage ๐ก
Desalination Plants
Provide water for remote areas
Increasing fresh water supply ๐ฆ
Using evaporation & membrane & thermal techniques ๐ค
Depend on (fossil) energy
Not Expensive ๐ค๐ฐ
Used for modern irrigation & agriculture ๐พ๐ฝ
Desalinate agricultural drainage
Increasing Water Delivery
Rehabilitation of water structures along canals to minimize water loss
Remodeling the canal cross-section (To store water)
Water Distribution
helps agriculture
Replacement of old structures with new ones โ โป๏ธ
Installation of turn-outs & off takes
Urban Water Sustainability
Life Cycle Assessment Method
Urban Water System of Alexandria City
Reducing water demand by using efficient:
Showers ๐ฟ
Toilets ๐ฝ
Taps ๐ฐ
Water conservation
Increase Efficient Stormwater Use
Aswan Dam
Establishment of meteorological stations for measuring rainfall intensity โ๏ธ
Detention Basin
Holding runoff for a short time before releasing it
Enhances water quality
Helps remove pollutants from water
Stormwater is rarely used in Egypt
Infiltrates into ground
Gets mixed with sewage water network