"Head" moves and attaches to
Energy source
Energy source
Energy source
Requires O2 for cell respiration
Fermentation anaerobic respiration, poisoned by O2
Uses O2 when present, fermentation if not
Moves to
Sol with actin filaments
Gel with actin filament
Move with
Attaches through receptor
Connects through kinesin receptor
ATP powered walks on microtubule
ATP powers movement
ATP powers causes wave-like movement
Actin filaments
Hollow tubes of tubulin molecules
Fibrous proteins supercoiled
Enzymes to make lipids & break down some material
Makes (with ribosomes) & folds (with enzymes) proteins
Consists of DNA & proteins
Nonmembranous
Double membrane enclosing nucleus
Fuses with damaged vesicle to digest organelle components
Fuses with food vacuole to digest particles
Network of membranous sacs and tubes
Double membraned contains DNA
Has enzymes to hydrolyze macromolecules
Active in synthesis, modification, sorting, & secretion of products
Metabolic, creates hydrogen peroxide as by product then converts to water
Captures food particles
Generates most ATP, where cellular respiration occurs
Repository for inorganic ions
Channels between cell walls to communicate with other cells
Converts energy of light to chemical stored in sugar molecules
Channel in cell wall does NOT allow anything through
Channel allows some material through
Channel allows all material through
Collagen fibers embedded in proteoglycan complexes
Network of fibers organizes structure
have
Swamps & marshes produces methane as waste
Highly saline
Very hot
Some live in extreme environments
Made of
Made of
Multilayered structure for protection when lacking nutrients, lasts under harsh conditions
Maintains cell shape and protects
Appendages between two cells prior to bacterial mating
Hairlike appendages for adhesion
Sticky layer of polysaccharide or proteins for adhesion and protection
Synthesizes proteins
A symbiotic association
Region of cytoplasm with single chromosome
Independently replicating DNA molecules
Membrane enclosing cytoplasm
Enables movement for some
Evolved and self organized
Vesicle grows, splits, and passes RNA molecules
Bound to
Carbon source
Energy source
Synthesizes proteins
Material from
Carbon Source
Produces
Pinches off into
Made of cellulose, polysaccharides, & proteins
Carbon source
Surrounding
Membrane enclosing cytoplasm
In some, for motility
Bound to
Slides
Shorter & more numerous
Connected to
Makes
Carbon source

RNA

Can function as
catalyst called ribozyme

Self-replicates & stores genetic information about vesicle

Protocell "daughters"

Prokaryotes

Flagella

Plasma membrane

Plasmids

Nucleoid

Bacteria

Cell wall

Peptidoglycan

Polysaccharides & proteins

Endospores

Archaea

Extremophiles

Extreme thermophiles

Extreme halophiles

Methanogens

Eukaryotes

Animal cells

Extracellular matrix

Cell junctions

Gap junctions

Desmosomes

Tight junctions

Centrosomes

Plant cells

Chloroplasts

Plasmodesmata

Central vacuole

Membrane-bound organelles

Mitochondrion

Food vacuoles

Peroxisome

Golgi apparatus

Lysosomes

Phagocytosis

Autophagy

Nucleus

Nuclear envelope

Nucleolus

Chromatin

Endoplasmic reticulum

Rough ER

Smooth ER

Cytoskeleton

Intermediate filaments

Maintains cell shape

Formation of nuclear lamina

Anchorage of nucleus
& certain other organelles

Microtubules

Maintains cell shape

Cell motility

Cilia & flagella

Proteins between microtubules

Organelle movement

Kinesin

Vesicle

Motor protein

Vesicle

Chromosome movements
in cell division

Microfilaments

Maintains cell shape

Muscle contraction

Cytoplasmic streaming

Parallel actin filaments

Myosin motor protein

Changes in cell shape

Cell division

Cell motility

Cortex

Inner cytoplasm

Extending pseudopodium

Ribosomes

Metabolism

Facultative anaerobes

Obligate anaerobes

Obligate aerobes

Capsules (Slime layers)

Nutritional Modes

Inorganic chemicals

Chemoautotrophs

Organic compounds

CO2, HCO3-, or
related compound

Light

Photoheterotroph

Photoautotroph

Fimbriae

Pili

Chemoheterotrophs

Myosin

Actin filament