Scientific and Critical Thinking

they are the same but critical thinking deals with life and society while scientific thinking deals with investigating nature.

Empiricism

can be seen, heard, touched, tasted, smelled

more reliable than:

hearsay evidence

testimonial evidence

circumstancial evidence

revelatory evidence

spectral evidence

emotional evidence

authoritarian evidence

Natrural evidence: Evidence found in nature

Naturalism

relies on natural evidence

emphsises strong connection between science & nature

rejects

absolute truth

supernaturalism

beliefs based on Dogma

logical reasoning

struggle with one's will,subjective beliefs, emotions and feelings

not used by most people

not born with it

cannot develope & improve it on their own

must be learned through formal education

constant questioning of one's beliefs & conclusions

self-deception/deception by others: common human failings

knowledge claims by self or others must be questioned

test your beliefs against objectives

accept things as true only baced on

Emperical Evidence

Logical Arguement

1.stating the problem

2.gathering information

3.proposing hypothesis

4.testing hypothesis

5.test fails

back to step '3'

6.constructing theory