Scientific Thinking & Scientific Method

Investigating nature

Discovering reliable knowledge about nature

By using scientific method

Used by scientists

Knowledge justified by reliable method

Used by anyone

Thinking correctly leading to reliable knowledge

1)Empiricism

Using empirical evidence

Completly reliable

Contrast with

a)Hearsay evidence

b)Testmonial evidence

c)Circumstantial evidence

d)Revelatory evidence

e)Spectral evidence

f)Emotional evidence

g)Authority evidence

most common

Also known as natural evidence

naturalism

2)Rationalism

Practice of logical reasoning

Contrast with

a)Emotional thinking

b)Hopeful thinking

c)Wishful thinking

3)Skepticism

Possesing a skeptical attitude

Questioning of your beliefs & conclusions