SUICIDE

Rural Areas

- Suicide rates are higher in rural areas.

- Housing is more sparsed so access to health care is limited.

- Greater access to harmful mediums.

- Statistically, depression and anxiety is more prevelent here.

Urban Areas

- Social isolation leads to increased mental health issues.

- Increased stigmatization towards mental health problems

Economic Factors: Improved economic conditions reduce suicide risk.

Social Support: Strong networks and mental health services are crucial.

Mental Health Awareness: Better identification and treatment of mental health issues.

Reduced Stigma: Decreased stigma leads to more seeking help.

Access to Lethal Means: Restrictions on access, especially firearms, reduce suicides.

Cultural Shifts: Shifts in norms and values can impact suicide rates.

Policy and Legislation: Government action on mental health, social welfare, and related factors.

Technological Influence: Both positive (access to resources) and negative (cyberbullying) effects.

Age Structure: Changes affect suicide rates.

Social Isolation: Urbanization, community changes impact connections.

Economic Factors: Downturns, recession increase stress, risk.

Access to Healthcare: Availability impacts identification, treatment.

Cultural Diversity: Shifts influence mental health stigma, services.

Education/Awareness: Levels affect prevention efforts.

Legislation/Policy: Influence prevention efforts, healthcare.

Media Influence: Reporting impacts contagion, prevention.

Suicide Contagion: Social networks spread behavior.

Cultural/Religious Factors: Attitudes influence risk/protection.

Risk Assessment: Identifying suicide risk factors.

Mental Health Conditions: Link between mental disorders and suicide.

Crisis Intervention: Helping actively suicidal individuals.

Therapeutic Intervention: CBT, DBT, and other therapies.

Understanding Suicidal Ideation: Examining thought processes.

Psychosocial Factors: Family, social, economic, and cultural influences.

Prevention Programs: Designing, implementing, and evaluating.

Postvention and Grief Support: Assisting those affected.

Research and Policy Development: Understanding and prevention.

Collaboration: Working with healthcare professionals.

Create a protective environment

making sure the individual hasn’t isolated themselves from everyone

Make sure you focus on them from time to time

Let the individual know that they’re safe

Plan for safety and follow ups after an attempt

Improve access and delivery of suicidal care

Make extra time and visits to the doctors

Promote healthy relationships

Teach coping and problem solving skills

Teach parenting skills to improve family relationships

Talking about wanting to die

Several attempts

Talking about feeling trapped

Wanting/seeking revenge

Extreme mood swings

Being happy to feeling low, energetic, confident, upset, etc

Previous attempt

History of depression and other mental illness

Sense of hopeless

Historical trauma

Relationship loss

- Ethnographic fieldwork and a careful investigation of case studies and suicide narratives gathered and analyzed within cultural, political, and economic contexts highlighted the variations in suicidal practices even more clearly.

- Statistical representations and their consequences on populations and suicide, has become the subject of ethnographic investigation in anthropology.

- The development of medicalization "pathologized"suicide on an individual basis.

- Anthropology has historically aimed at generalizing cultural forms uncovered through long-term ethnographic engagements

- Theoretical collective suicide driven by social issues.

- Absence of stable relationships between people.

- Religious adhearences impacts on suicide rates

- Gender conformity leading to suicidal ideation.

- Bullying as part of a clique may reuslt in victims

IN 2019: Rate was 12.1 per 100, 000. Which equals to 4, 528 people died by suicide.

More than half the death were by suffocation.

Males had a higher mortality rate than females.
Males around the age 50 - 64 years old had the highest mortality rates.
Females had a higher hospitalization rate of 83 per 100, 000 . While for males it was 49 per 100, 000.

Society

- There are large differences in suicide rates across race, sex, age, and ethnicity.

- Suicide outcome is enhanced by the loss of necessary social supports.

- Suicide rates have long been thought to be related to cultural, social, political, and economic variables.

Émile Durkheim

- Durkheim was not interested in the subjective assessments made by suicide relatives for why they chose suicide, but rather considered suicide, like alcoholism or violence, as a symptom of societal breakdown.

- Suicides happened when members of a group or social category are subjected to tremendous emotional and physical coercion, leaving little hope for a future free of pain.

- Rather than focusing efforts to minimize suicide on individuals, he claimed that collective public undertakings to make protective structural changes are a more effective channel for safeguarding individual well-being.

- Durkheim identifies four different types of suicide which are egoistic suicide, altruistic suicide, anomic suicide and fatalistic suicide.

- Lack of social support

- Emotional distress

- No problem-solving skills.

- Identity and self-worth issues.

- Loss of meaning and purpose.

- Overwhelmed by the "Perfection" of society.

- Cyberbullying and/or online harassment.

- Isolation.

- Comparison.

- Desensitization to suicide.