UNIT 1 - TENSES

Future Perfect

Present perfect (I have done)

Past Simple (I did)

Present Continuous (I am doing)

Future Simple ( I will do)

Future Perfect Continuous

Past Continuous (I was doing)

Present simple (I do)

We use the present simple to talk about things in general. Also, we use it to say that something happens all the time or repeatedly, or that something is true in general.

We use "do" for I/we/you/they and
"does" for he/she/it to make questions and
negative sentences

When is: he/she/it, we add an -s

Key Words

PRESENT USES

For habits that are not regular, but that happen very often.

We can also use this tense for other kinds of temporary situations, even if the action isn't happening at this moment.

Things that are happening at the moment.

We can use the present continuous for temporary situations that happened in a concrete period of time.

FUTURE USES

For definite future arrangements (with a future time word). In this case we have already made a plan and we are sure that the event will happen in the future.

Is used to talk about actions or situations in the past.

We use it with finished actions, states or habits in the past when we know that the time period has finished. This includes when the person we are talking about is dead.

In questions and negatives we use
did/didn't + infinitive

I+enjoyed
She+went
They+saw

AFIRMATIVE

Did+Any person+verb in
infinitive form.

QUESTION

Any person+didn't+verb in
infinitive form.

NEGATIVE

Very often the past simple
ends in -ed (regular verbs)
But many verbs are irregular
like write, see or go.

Adverbs of Frequence

Usually

Then

Never

First

Seldom

Always

Every day/ Every Week...

Sometimes

Often

Normally

Key Words

Still

Currently

Now

At the moment

Key Words

Last

In

In 1990, for example

Yesterday

We use the
past continuous to say that somebody was in the middle of doing something at a certain time. The action had alredy started before this time but had not finished.

with verbs which show
change or growth

To show that something
continued for some time

For something that was happening
again and again

Key Words

As

When

While

Present perfect simple
is have/has+past participle. The past participle often ends in -ed, but many important verbs are irregular like be (been).

We use present perfect with today/this morning/this evening etc. when these periods are not finished.

Diference between gone(to) an been (to)

When we talk about a period of time that continues from the past until now.

You can use the present perfect
with just, alredy and yet

When we use the
present perfect there is
always a connectiom with now.
The action in the past has a result
now.

To give new information or to announce a recent happening

Just: a short time ago
We use alredy to say that something happened sooner than expected.
Yet: Until now, and shows that the speaker is expecting something to happen.

Key Words

Ever

Yet

Just

Alredy

We use the future simple
to describe actions that
are going to develop in the future

Shall

Will

We use I'll ( I will)
when we decide to do
something at the time
of speaking

Affirmative Sentences

I will call you tonight

Subjet+ will+ main verb

Negative Sentences

She will not (won't) arrive late

Subjet+ will not+ verb

Interrogative Sentences

Will they be happy to see you

Will+ subjet+ main verb

We use shall to ask
somebody's opinion

Shall we go?

Shall I open the window?

The continuous future describes the action that will be developing in the future and will be interrupted. The verb which interrupts are in simple present.

Interrogative
Sentences

Will+ Sujeto+ have been+ present participle

Will I have been studying?

Negative
Sentences

Sujeto+ won't have been+ present participle

I won't have been living

Afirmative
Sentences

Sujeto+ will have been+present participle

He will have been playing

The "future perfect" refers to an action that will be completed in the future. When to use this tense, we are projecting ourselves into the future and looking back, towards an action at any time after the present. Most of the time, is used with temporary expressions.

Interrogative Sentences

Will+ Sujeto+ have+ past participle

Will I have arrived?

Negative Sentences

Sujeto+ won't have+ past participle

I won't have arrived

Afirmative Sentences

Sujeto+ Will have+ Past participle

He will have finished

UNIT 1 - TENSES

Future Perfect

Present perfect (I have done)

Past Simple (I did)

Present Continuous (I am doing)

Future Simple ( I will do)

Future Perfect Continuous

Past Continuous (I was doing)

Present simple (I do)

We use the present simple to talk about things in general. Also, we use it to say that something happens all the time or repeatedly, or that something is true in general.

We use "do" for I/we/you/they and"does" for he/she/it to make questions andnegative sentences

When is: he/she/it, we add an -s

Key Words

PRESENT USES

For habits that are not regular, but that happen very often.

We can also use this tense for other kinds of temporary situations, even if the action isn't happening at this moment.

Things that are happening at the moment.

We can use the present continuous for temporary situations that happened in a concrete period of time.

FUTURE USES

For definite future arrangements (with a future time word). In this case we have already made a plan and we are sure that the event will happen in the future.

Is used to talk about actions or situations in the past.

We use it with finished actions, states or habits in the past when we know that the time period has finished. This includes when the person we are talking about is dead.

In questions and negatives we usedid/didn't + infinitive

Very often the past simpleends in -ed (regular verbs)But many verbs are irregularlike write, see or go.

Adverbs of Frequence

Usually

Then

Never

First

Seldom

Always

Every day/ Every Week...

Sometimes

Often

Normally

Key Words

Still

Currently

Now

At the moment

Key Words

Last

In

Yesterday

We use thepast continuous to say that somebody was in the middle of doing something at a certain time. The action had alredy started before this time but had not finished.

with verbs which show change or growth

To show that something continued for some time

For something that was happeningagain and again

Key Words

As

When

While

Present perfect simpleis have/has+past participle. The past participle often ends in -ed, but many important verbs are irregular like be (been).

We use present perfect with today/this morning/this evening etc. when these periods are not finished.

Diference between gone(to) an been (to)

When we talk about a period of time that continues from the past until now.

You can use the present perfectwith just, alredy and yet

When we use thepresent perfect there is always a connectiom with now.The action in the past has a resultnow.

To give new information or to announce a recent happening

Just: a short time agoWe use alredy to say that something happened sooner than expected.Yet: Until now, and shows that the speaker is expecting something to happen.

Key Words

Ever

Yet

Just

Alredy

We use the future simple to describe actions that are going to develop in the future

Shall

Will

We use I'll ( I will)when we decide to dosomething at the timeof speaking

Affirmative Sentences

Negative Sentences

Interrogative Sentences

We use shall to asksomebody's opinion

Shall we go?

Shall I open the window?

The continuous future describes the action that will be developing in the future and will be interrupted. The verb which interrupts are in simple present.

InterrogativeSentences

NegativeSentences

AfirmativeSentences

The "future perfect" refers to an action that will be completed in the future. When to use this tense, we are projecting ourselves into the future and looking back, towards an action at any time after the present. Most of the time, is used with temporary expressions.

We use "do" for I/we/you/they and
"does" for he/she/it to make questions and
negative sentences

In questions and negatives we use
did/didn't + infinitive

Very often the past simple
ends in -ed (regular verbs)
But many verbs are irregular
like write, see or go.

We use the
past continuous to say that somebody was in the middle of doing something at a certain time. The action had alredy started before this time but had not finished.

with verbs which show
change or growth

To show that something
continued for some time

For something that was happening
again and again

Present perfect simple
is have/has+past participle. The past participle often ends in -ed, but many important verbs are irregular like be (been).

You can use the present perfect
with just, alredy and yet

When we use the
present perfect there is
always a connectiom with now.
The action in the past has a result
now.

Just: a short time ago
We use alredy to say that something happened sooner than expected.
Yet: Until now, and shows that the speaker is expecting something to happen.

We use the future simple
to describe actions that
are going to develop in the future

We use I'll ( I will)
when we decide to do
something at the time
of speaking

We use shall to ask
somebody's opinion

Interrogative
Sentences

Negative
Sentences

Afirmative
Sentences