Bio311ConceptMap

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Functional Groups

Phosphate

Sulfhydryl

Amino

Carboxyl

Carbonyl

Hydroxyl

Biological Macromolecules Molecules

Nucleic Acids

Polynucleotides

Nucleotide

Nucleoside-everything except phosphate group

Ntirogenous base, pentose (5 carbon sugar), phosphate group

Pentose sugar

Deoxyiribose

Ribose

Nitrogenous bases

Purines

Adenine, Guanine

Pyrimidine

Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil

Proteins

Protein Structure

Quaternary

Multiple Tertiary structures combined

Tertiary

All (R-groups, hydrophobic, disulfide bridge, ionic bonds, h-bonds)

Secondary

Backbone interactions (hydrogen bonds)

Primary

Enzymes/Catalysts

Polypeptides

Amino Acids

Peptide bonds

Covalent Bond-Dehydration Synthesis

Lipids

Cholesterol-Steriod

Phospholipids

Phosphate group

2 Fatty Acids

Fat/Triacylglycerol

3 Fatty Acids

1 Glycerol

Carbohydrates

Polysaccharides

Structuural Poly

Chitin

Cellulose-Beta

Storage Poly

Glycogen

Starch-Alpha

Monosaccharides

Disaccharide-2 monosaccharide

Glycosidic linkage

Glucose

Galactose (differ in assmetric carbon)

Fructose (structural isomer)-ketose

Objects and processes inside the cell

Cell Life

Cell Division

Mitosis

P 1-2n

M 1-2n

A 2-2n

T 2-2n

Cytokinesis 2-2n

Meiosis I

P I 1-2n

M1 1-2n

A1 2-n

T1 2-n

Cytokinesis 2-n

Meiosis II (similar to Mitosis I)

Cytokinesis 4-n

Synthesis

DNA Replication Helicase

Origin of Replication

Daughter Stand 5'->3'

Leading/lagging strand 5'->3'

Parental Strand 3'->5'

Subtopic

Base-Pairing

G-C (3 H-Bonds)

A-T (2 H-Bonds)

Metabolism

Enzymes

Noncompetitive Inhibitors

Competitive Inhibitors

Coenzymes

Substrate

Active Site

Energy Coupled Reactions

The adenosine triphosphate cycle

ATP broken down to ADP + Pi results in energy dissipation.

Catabolic reaction

Dissapitate energy from catabolic reactions is used to make ATP (ADP + Pi).

Anabolic reaction