MUSCLES OF THE HUMAN BODY

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Definite Integrals - area under a curve

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MUSCLES OF THE HUMAN BODY

Main topic

Lower Body

FOOT (4)

DORSAL (2)

Extensor Hallucis Brevis

Extensor Hallucis Brevis

ORIGIN

• Superolateral surface of calcaneus bone

INSERTION

• Proximal phalanx of great toe

INNERVATION

• Deep fibular/peroneal nerve (L5, S1)

FUNCTION

Metatarsophalangeal joints 1:

• Toe Extension

Physiopedia:

Extensor Hallucis Brevis - Physiopedia (physio-pedia.com)

Extensor Digitorum Brevis

Extensor Digitorum Brevis

ORIGIN

• Superolateral surface of calcaneus bone
• Interosseous talocalcaneal ligament
• Stem of inferior extensor retinaculum

INSERTION

• Extensor digitorum longus tendons of toes 2-4

INNERVATION

• Deep fibular/peroneal nerve (L5, S1)

FUNCTION

Distal Interphalangeal joints 2-4:

• Toe Extension

Physiopedia:

Extensor Digitorum Brevis - Physiopedia (physio-pedia.com)

LATERAL PLANTAR (3)

Opponens digiti minimi

ORIGIN

• Long plantar ligament
• Base of metatarsal bone 5
• Tendon Sheath of fibularis longus

INSERTION

• Lateral Borer of metatarsal bone 5

INNERVATION

• Lateral plantar nerve (S2-S3)

FUNCTION

Metatarsophalangeal joints 5:

• Toe Flexion
• Toe Abduction

Physiopedia:

https://physio-pedia.com/Opponens_Digiti_Minimi

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

Flexor Digiti Minimi

ORIGIN

• Base of metatarsal bone 5
• Long plantar ligament

INSERTION

• Base of proximal phalanx of digit 5

INNERVATION

• Lateral plantar nerve (S2-S3)

FUNCTION

Metatarsophalangeal joints 5:

• Toe Flexion

Physiopedia:

Flexor digiti minimi brevis of foot: Anatomy and function | Kenhub

Abductor Digiti Minimi

ORIGIN

• Calcaneal tuberosity
• Plantar Aponeurosis

INSERTION

• Base of proximal phalanx of digit 5
• Metatarsal bone 5

INNERVATION

• Lateral plantar nerve (S1-S3)

FUNCTION

Metatarsophalangeal joints 5:

• Toe Flexion
• Toe Abduction
• Supports longitudinal arch of foot

Physiopedia:

Abductor Digiti Minimi (Foot) - Physiopedia (physio-pedia.com)

CENTRAL PLANTAR (5)

Dorsal Interossei (4)

ORIGIN

• Opposing sides of metatarsal bones 1-5

INSERTION

1:

• Medial bases of proximal phalanx of digit 2

2:

• Lateral bases of proximal phalanges
• Extensor expansion of digits 2-4

INNERVATION

• Lateral plantar nerve (S2-S3)

FUNCTION

Metatarsophalangeal joints 2-4:

• Toe Flexion
• Toe Abduction

Interphalangeal joints 2-4;

• Toe Extension

Physiopedia:

Dorsal Interossei of the Foot - Physiopedia (physio-pedia.com)

Plantar Interossei (3)

Plantar Interossei (3)

ORIGIN

• Medial aspects of metatarsal bones 3-5

INSERTION

• Medial bases of proximal phalanges
• Extensor expansion of digits 3-5

INNERVATION

• Lateral plantar nerve (S2-S3)

FUNCTION

Metatarsophalangeal joints 3-5:

• Toe Flexion
• Toe Adduction

Interphalangeal joints 3-5;

• Toe Extension

Physiopedia:

Plantar interossei muscles - Wikipedia

Lumbricals (4)

ORIGIN

• Tendons of flexor digitorum longus

INSERTION

• Medial bases of procimal phalanges
• Extensor expansion of digits 2-5

INNERVATION

Lumbrical 1:

• Medial plantar nerve (S2,S3)

Lumbrical 2-4:

• Lateral plantar nerve (S2-S3)

FUNCTION

Metatarsophalangeal joints 2-5:

• Toe Flexion
• Toe Adduction

Interphalangeal joints 2-5;

• Toe Extension

Physiopedia:

Lumbricals of foot: Attachments, innervation and action | Kenhub

Quadratus Plantae

Quadratus Plantae

ORIGIN

• Medial surface of calcaneus bone
• Lateral process of calcaneal tuberosity

INSERTION

• Tendon of flexor digitorum longus

INNERVATION

• Lateral plantar nerve (S1-S3)

FUNCTION

Metatarsophalangeal joints 2-5:

• Toe Flexion

Physiopedia:

Quadratus Plantae - Physiopedia (physio-pedia.com)

Flexor Digitorum Brevis

Flexor Digitorum Brevis

ORIGIN

• Medial Process of calcaneal tuberosity
• Plantar aponeurosis

INSERTION

• Middle phalanges of digits 2-5

INNERVATION

• Medial plantar nerve (S1-S3)

FUNCTION

Metatarsophalangeal joints 2-5:

• Toe Flexion
• Supports longitudinal arch of foot

Physiopedia:

Flexor Digitorum Brevis - Physiopedia (physio-pedia.com)

MEDIAL PLANTAR (3)

Adductor Hallucis (Central Compartment)

Adductor Hallucis

ORIGIN

Oblique Head:

• Bases metatarsal bones 2-4
• Cuboid bone
• Lateral Cuneiform bone
• Tendon of fibularis longus muscle

Transverse Head:

• Plantar metatarsophalangeal
• Deep transverse metatarsal ligaments of toes 3-5

INSERTION

• Lateral aspect of base of proximal phalanx of great toe

INNERVATION

• Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

FUNCTION

Metatarsophalangeal joint 1:

• Toe Adduction
• Toe Flexion
• Support of longitudinal & transverse arches of foot

Physiopedia:

Adductor Hallucis - Physiopedia (physio-pedia.com)

Flexor Hallucis Brevis

Flexor Hallucis Brevis

ORIGIN

• Tendon of tibialis posterior
• Medial cuneiform bone
• Lateral Cuneiform bone
• Cuboid bone

INSERTION

• Lateral and medial aspects of base of proximal phalanx of great toe

INNERVATION

• Medial plantar nerve (S1, S2)

FUNCTION

Metatarsophalangeal joint 1:

• Toe Flexion
• Support of longitudinal arch of foot

Physiopedia:

Flexor Hallucis Brevis - Physiopedia (physio-pedia.com)

Abductor Hallucis

Abductor Hallucis

ORIGIN

• Medial process of calcaneal tuberosity
• Flexor retinaculum
• Plantar aponeurosis

INSERTION

• Base of proximal phalanx of great toe

INNERVATION

• Medial plantar nerve (S1-S3)

FUNCTION

Metatarsophalangeal joint 1:

• Toe Abduction
• Toe Flexion
• Support of longitudinal arch of foot

Physiopedia:

https://www.physio-pedia.com/Abductor_Hallucis

LEG (3)

POSTERIOR (7)

Flexor Hallucis Longus

Flexor Hallucis Longus

ORIGIN

• (Distal 2/3 of) Posterior surface of fibula
• Interosseous membrane
• Posterior intermuscular septum
• Fascia of tibialis posterior muscle

INSERTION

• Bases of distal phalanx of great toe

INNERVATION

• Tibial Nerve (S2-S3)

FUNCTION

Metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints 1:

• Toe Flexion

Talocrural Joint:

• Foot Plantar Flexion

Subtalar Joint:

• Foot inversion

Physiopedia:

Flexor hallucis longus - Physiopedia (physio-pedia.com)

Flexor Digitorum Longus

Flexor Digitorum Longus

ORIGIN

• Posterior surface of tibia

INSERTION

• Bases of distal phalanges of digits 2-5

INNERVATION

• Tibial Nerve (L5-S2)

FUNCTION

Metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints 2-5:

• Toe Flexion

Talocrural Joint:

• Foot Plantar Flexion

Subtalar Joint:

• Foot inversion

Physiopedia:

Flexor digitorum longus - Physiopedia (physio-pedia.com)

Tibialis Anterior

Tibialis Posterior

ORIGIN

• Posterior surface of tibia
• Posterior surface of fibula
• Interosseous membrane

INSERTION

• Tuberosity of navicular bone
• All Cuneiform bones
• Bases of metatarsal bones (2-4)
• Cuboid bone

INNERVATION

• Tibial Nerve (L4-L5)

FUNCTION

Talocrural Joint:

• Foot Plantar Flexion

Subtalar Joint:

• Foot inversion
• Supports medial longitudinal arch of foot

Physiopedia:

Tibialis Posterior - Physiopedia (physio-pedia.com)

Popliteus

Popliteus

ORIGIN

• Lateral femoral condyle
• Posterior horn of lateral meniscus of knee joint
• 
  

INSERTION

• Posterior Surface of proximal tibia

INNERVATION

• Tibial Nerve (L5-S2)

FUNCTION

• Unlocks Knee Joint
• Knee stabilization

Physiopedia:

Popliteus Muscle - Physiopedia (physio-pedia.com)

Plantaris

Plantaris

ORIGIN

• Lateral Supracondylar line of femur

INSERTION

• Posterior Surface of calcaneus

(Via calcaneus tendon)

INNERVATION

• Tibial Nerve

FUNCTION

Talocrural Joint:

• Foot Plantar Flexion

Knee Joint:

• Knee Flexion

Physiopedia:

Plantaris - Physiopedia (physio-pedia.com)

Soleus

Soleus

ORIGIN

• Soleal line
• Medial Border of Tibia

INSERTION

• Posterior Surface of calcaneus

(Via calcaneus tendon)

INNERVATION

• Tibial Nerve

FUNCTION

Talocrural Joint:

• Foot Plantar Flexion

Physiopedia:

Soleus - Physiopedia (physio-pedia.com)

Gastrocnemius

Gastrocnemius

ORIGIN

Lateral Head:

• Posterolateral surface of lateral femoral condyle

Medial Head:

• Posterior surface of medial femoral condyle
• Popliteal surface of femoral shaft

INSERTION

• Posterior Surface of calcaneus

(Via calcaneus tendon)

INNERVATION

• Tibial Nerve

FUNCTION

Talocrural Joint:

• Foot Plantar Flexion

Subtalar Joint:

• Foot eversion

Physiopedia:

Gastrocnemius - Physiopedia (physio-pedia.com)

LATERAL (2)

Fibularis Brevis or Peroneus Brevis

Fibularis Brevis

OR

Peroneus Brevis

ORIGIN

• Distal 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula
• Anterior intermuscular septum

INSERTION

• Tuberosity of metatarsal bone 5

INNERVATION

• Superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1)

FUNCTION

Talocrural Joint:

• Foot Plantar Flexion

Subtalar Joint:

• Foot eversion

Physiopedia:

Peroneus Brevis - Physiopedia (physio-pedia.com)

Fibularis Longus or Peroneus Longus

Fibularis Longus

ORIGIN

• Head of Fibula
• Proximal 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula
• Anterior and posterior intermuscular septa

INSERTION

• Medial cuneiform bone
• Metatarsal bone 1

INNERVATION

• Superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1)

FUNCTION

Talocrural Joint:

• Foot Plantar Flexion

Subtalar Joint:

• Foot eversion
• Supports longitudinal and transverse arches of foot

Physiopedia:

Peroneus (Fibularis) Longus Muscle - Physiopedia (physio-pedia.com)

ANTERIOR (4)

Fibularis Tertius

Fibularis Tertius

ORIGIN

• Distal thrid of medial surface of fibula
• Anterior intermuscluar septum

INSERTION

• Diorsal surface of base of metatarsal bone 5

INNERVATION

• Deep fibular nerve (L4, L5)

FUNCTION

Talocrural Joint:

• Foot Dorsiflexion

Subtalar Joint:

• Foot eversion

Physiopedia:

Fibularis tertius: Origin, insertion, innervation, action | Kenhub

Extensor Digitorum Longus

Extensor Digitorum Longus

ORIGIN

• Proximal half of medial surface of fibula
• Lateral tibial condyle
• Interosseous membrane

INSERTION

• Distal & middle phalanges of digits 2-5

INNERVATION

• Deep fibular nerve (L4, L5)

FUNCTION

Matatarsalphalangeal & Interphalangeal Joint 2-5:

• Toe Extension

Talocrural Joint:

• Foot Dorsiflexion

Subtalar Joint:

• Foot eversion

Physiopedia:

Extensor digitorum longus - Physiopedia (physio-pedia.com)

Extensor Hallucis Longus

Extensor Hallucis Longus

ORIGIN

• Middle third of medial surface of fibula
• Interosseous membrane

INSERTION

• Base of distal phalanx of great toe

INNERVATION

• Deep fibular nerve (L4, L5)

FUNCTION

Matatarsalphalangeal & Interphalangeal Joint 1:

• Toe Extension

Talocrural Joint:

• Foot Dorsiflexion

Physiopedia:

Extensor Hallucis Longus - Physiopedia (physio-pedia.com)

Tibialis anterior

Tibialis Anterior

ORIGIN

• Lateral tibial condyle
• Proximal half of lateral surface of tibia
• Interosseous membrane

INSERTION

• Medial Cuneiform bone
• Base of metatarsal bone 1

INNERVATION

• Deep fibular nerve (L4, L5)

FUNCTION

Talocrural Joint:

• Foot Dorsiflexion

Subtalar Joint:

• Foot Inversion
• Supports medial longitudinal arch of foot

Physiopedia:

Tibialis Anterior - Physiopedia (physio-pedia.com)

HIP & THIGH (5)

MEDIAL THIGH (6)

Gracilis

Gracilis

ORIGIN

• Anterior body of pubis
• Inferior pubic ramus
• Ischial Ramus

INSERTION

• Medial Surface of Proximal tibia (via pes anserinus)

INNERVATION

• Obturator nerve (L2-L3)

FUNCTION

Hip Joint:

• Thigh Flexion
• Thigh Adduction

Knee Joint:

• Leg Flexion
• Leg internal rotation

Physiopedia:

Gracilis - Physiopedia (physio-pedia.com)

Adductor Brevis

Adductor Brevis

ORIGIN

• Anterior body of pubis
• Inferior pubic ramus

INSERTION

• Linea aspera of femur (medial lip)

INNERVATION

• Obturator nerve (L2-L4)

FUNCTION

Hip Joint:

• Thigh Flexion
• Thigh External Rotation
• Thigh Adduction
• Pelvis Stabilization

Physiopedia:

Adductor Brevis - Physiopedia (physio-pedia.com)

Adductor Longus

Adductor Longus

ORIGIN

• Anterior body of pubis

INSERTION

• Linea aspera of femur (medial lip)

INNERVATION

• Obturator nerve (L2-L4)

FUNCTION

Hip Joint:

• Thigh Flexion
• Thigh External Rotation
• Thigh Adduction
• Pelvis Stabilization

Physiopedia:

Adductor Longus - Physiopedia (physio-pedia.com)

Adductor Minimus

Adductor Minimus

ORIGIN

• Inferior pubic ramus

INSERTION

• Gluteal Tuberosity of femur

INNERVATION

• Obturator nerve (L2-L4)

FUNCTION

Hip Joint:

• Thigh External Rotation
• Thigh Adduction

Physiopedia:

Adductor Magnus - Physiopedia (physio-pedia.com)

Adductor Magnus

Adductor Magnus

ORIGIN

Adductor part:

• Inferior pubic ramus
• Ischial Ramus

Ischiocondylar part:

• Ischial Tuberosity

INSERTION

Adductor part:

• Gluteal Tuberosity
• Linea Aspera
• Medial Lip
• Medial Supracondylar line

Ischiocondylar part:

• Adductor tubercle of femur

INNERVATION

Adductor part:

• Obturator nerve (L2-L4)

Ischiocondylar part:

• Tibial Division of Sciatic Nerve (L4)

FUNCTION

Hip Joint:

• Thigh Flexion
• Thigh External Rotation (Adductor part)
• Thigh Adduction
• Thigh Extension
• Thigh Internal Rotation (Ischiocondylar part)
• Pelvis Stabilization

Physiopedia:

Adductor Magnus - Physiopedia (physio-pedia.com)

Pectineus

Pectineus

ORIGIN

• Superior Pubic Ramus (Pectineal line of pubis)

INSERTION

• Pectineal line of femur
• Linea aspera of femur

INNERVATION

• Femoral Nerve (L2, L3)
• Obturator nerve (L2, L3)

FUNCTION

Hip Joint:

• Thigh Flexion
• Thigh External Rotation
• Thigh Adductor
• Thigh Internal Rotation
• Pelvis Stabilization

Physiopedia:

Pectineus Muscle - Physiopedia (physio-pedia.com)

POSTERIOR THIGH (3)

Biceps Femoris

Biceps Femoris

ORIGIN

Long Head:

• inferomedial impression of ischial tuberosity
• Sacrotuberous ligament

Short Head:

• Linea aspera of femur (lateral lip)
• Lateral supracondylar line of femur

INSERTION

• Lateral aspect of head of fibula

INNERVATION

Long Head:

• Tibial Division of sciatic nerve (L5-S2)

Short Head:

• Common fibular division of sciatic nerve (L5-S2)

FUNCTION

Hip Joint:

• Thigh Extension
• Thigh External Rotation

Knee Joint:

• Leg Flexion
• Leg External Rotation
• Stabilises pelvis

Physiopedia:

Biceps Femoris - Physiopedia (physio-pedia.com)

Semitendinosus

Semitendinosus

ORIGIN

• Posteromedial impression of ischial tuberosity

INSERTION

• Proximal end of tibia below medial condyle

(via pes ansernius)

INNERVATION

• Tibial Division of sciatic nerve (L2-S2)

FUNCTION

Hip Joint:

• Thigh Extension
• Thigh Internal Rotation

Knee Joint:

• Leg Flexion
• Leg internal Rotation
• Stabilises pelvis

Physiopedia:

Semitendinosus - Physiopedia (physio-pedia.com)

Semimembranosus

Semimembranosus

ORIGIN

• Superolateral impression of ischial tuberosity

INSERTION

• Medial Condyle of Tibia

INNERVATION

• Tibial Division of sciatic nerve (L2-S2)

FUNCTION

Hip Joint:

• Thigh Extension
• Thigh Internal Rotation

Knee Joint:

• Leg Flexion
• Leg internal Rotation
• Stabilises pelvis

Physiopedia:

Semimembranosus - Physiopedia (physio-pedia.com)

ANTERTIOR THIGH( 1 + (QF)4)

Quadriceps Femoris

Vastus Medialis

Vastus Medialis

ORIGIN

• Intertrochanteric line
• Spiral Line & Linea aspera
• Medial Supracondylar line of femur

INSERTION

• Tibial Tuberosity

(via patellar ligament)

• Patellar

(Medial condyle of tibia)

INNERVATION

• Femoral Nerve (L2-L4)

FUNCTION

Knee Joint:

• Leg Extension

Physiopedia:

Vastus Medialis - Physiopedia (physio-pedia.com)

Vastus Lateralis

Vastus Lateralis

ORIGIN

• Linea aspera of femur
• Greater trochanter of femur

INSERTION

• Tibial Tuberosity

(via patellar ligament)

• Patellar

(Lateral condyle of tibia)

INNERVATION

• Femoral Nerve (L2-L4)

FUNCTION

Knee Joint:

• Leg Extension

Physiopedia:

Vastus Lateralis - Physiopedia (physio-pedia.com)

Vastus Intermedius

Vastus Intermedius

ORIGIN

• Anterior Surface of femoral shaft

INSERTION

• Tibial Tuberosity

(via patellar ligament)

• Patellar

INNERVATION

• Femoral Nerve (L2-L4)

FUNCTION

Knee Joint:

• Leg Extension

Physiopedia:

Vastus Intermedius - Physiopedia (physio-pedia.com)

Rectus Femoris

Rectus Femoris

ORIGIN

• Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine (AIIS)
• Supracetabular groove

INSERTION

• Tibial Tuberosity

(via patellar ligament)

• Patellar

INNERVATION

• Femoral Nerve (L2-L4)

FUNCTION

Hip Joint:

• Thigh Flexion

Knee Joint:

• Leg Extension

Physiopedia:

Rectus Femoris - Physiopedia (physio-pedia.com)

Sartorius

Sartorius

ORIGIN

• Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS)

INSERTION

• Proximal end of tibia below medial condyle

(via pes anserinus)

INNERVATION

• Femoral Nerve (L2-L4)

FUNCTION

Hip Joint:

• Thigh Flexion
• Thigh Abduction
• Thigh External Rotation

Knee Joint:

• Leg flexion
• Leg internal rotation

Kenhub:

Sartorius muscle: Anatomy, attachments, function | Kenhub

INNER HIP (7 + 3)

Quadratus Femoris

Quadratus Femoris

ORIGIN

• Ischial Tuberosity

INSERTION

• Intertrochanteric crest of femur

INNERVATION

• Nerve to quadratus femoris (L4-S2)

FUNCTION

Hip Joint:

• Thigh External Rotation
• Stabilises head of femur in acetabulum

Kenhub:

Quadratus femoris: Origin, insertion, innervation, action | Kenhub

Piriformis

Piriformis

ORIGIN

• Anterior surface of the sacrum (between the S2 and S4)
• Gluteal surface of ilium

(near posterior iliac spine)

• Sacrotuberous ligament

INSERTION

• Apex of greater trochanter of femur

INNERVATION

• Nerve to piriformis (S1-S2)

FUNCTION

Hip Joint:

• Thigh External Rotation
• Thigh Abduction (from flexed hip)
• Stabilises head of femur in acetabulum

Kenhub:

Piriformis muscle: Origin, insertion and action | Kenhub

Triceps Coxae

Inferior Gemellus

Inferior Gemellus

ORIGIN

• Ischial Tuberosity

INSERTION

• Medial surface of greater trochanter of femur

(via Tendon of obturator internus)

INNERVATION

• Nerve to Quadratus Femoris (L4-S1)

FUNCTION

Hip Joint:

• Thigh External Rotation
• Thigh Abduction (from flexed hip)
• Stabilises head of femur in acetabulum

Kenhub:

Inferior gemellus: Origin, insertion, innervation, action | Kenhub

Superior Gemellus

Superior Gemellus

ORIGIN

• Ischial Spine

INSERTION

• Medial surface of greater trochanter of femur

(via Tendon of obturator internus)

INNERVATION

• Nerve to Obturator Internus (L5, S1)

FUNCTION

Hip Joint:

• Thigh External Rotation
• Thigh Abduction (from flexed hip)
• Stabilises head of femur in acetabulum

Kenhub:

Superior gemellus: Origin, insertion, innervation, action | Kenhub

Obturator Internus

Obturator Internus

ORIGIN

• Ischiopubic ramus
• Posterior surface of obturator membrane

INSERTION

• Medial surface of greater trochanter

INNERVATION

• Nerve to Obturator Internus (L5, S1)

FUNCTION

Hip Joint:

• Thigh External Rotation
• Thigh Abduction (from flexed hip)
• Stabilises head of femur in acetabulum

Kenhub:

Obturator internus: Attachments, innervation and action | Kenhub

Obturator Externus

Obturator Externus

ORIGIN

• Anterior Surface of obturator membrane
• Bony boundaries of obturator foramen

INSERTION

• Trochanter fossa of femur

INNERVATION

• Obturator nerve (L3, L4)

FUNCTION

Hip Joint:

• Thigh External Rotation
• Thigh Abduction (from flexed hip)
• Stabilises head of femur in acetabulum

Kenhub:

Obturator externus: Origin, insertion, innervation,action | Kenhub

Psoas Minor

Psoas Minor

ORIGIN

• Vertebral bodies of T12-L1

INSERTION

• Iliopubic eminence
• Pectineal line of pubis

INNERVATION

• Anterior rami of spinal nerves L1-L3

FUNCTION

Hip Joint:

• Thigh/Trunk flexion
• Thigh External Rotation
• Trunk Lateral Flexion (Psoas major/minor only)

Kenhub:

Psoas minor muscle: Anatomy, innervation and function | Kenhub

Psoas Major

Psoas Major

ORIGIN

• Vertebral bodies of T12-L4
• Intervertebral discs between T12-L4
• Costal Processes of L1-L5 vertebrae

INSERTION

• Lesser Trochanter of Femur

INNERVATION

• Anterior rami of spinal nerves L1-L3

FUNCTION

Hip Joint:

• Thigh/Trunk flexion
• Thigh External Rotation
• Trunk Lateral Flexion (Psoas major/minor only)

Kenhub:

Psoas major: Origins, insertions, actions, innervation | Kenhub

Illiacus

Iliacus

ORIGIN

• Iliac Fossa

INSERTION

• Lesser Trochanter of Femur

INNERVATION

• Femoral Nerve (L2-L4)

FUNCTION

Hip Joint:

• Thigh/Trunk flexion
• Thigh External Rotation
• Trunk Lateral Flexion (Psoas major/minor only)

Kenhub:

Iliacus: Origin, insertion, innervation, function | Kenhub

GLUTEAL (4)

Tensor Fasciae Latae

Tensor Fascia Latae

ORIGIN

• Anterior Superior Iliac Spine
• Outer Lip of Iliac Crest

INSERTION

• Iliotibial tract

INNERVATION

• Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)

FUNCTION

Hip Joint:

• Thigh Internal rotation
• Weak abduction

Knee Joint:

• Leg external rotation
• Weak leg flexion/extension
• Stabilises Hip & Knee Joints

Kenhub:

Tensor fasciae latae muscle: Anatomy and function | Kenhub

Gluteus Minimus

Gluteus Minimus

ORIGIN

• Gluteal Surface of ilium

(between anterior and inferior gluteal lines)

INSERTION

• Anterior aspect of greater trochanter of femur

INNERVATION

• Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)

FUNCTION

Hip Joint:

• Thigh Internal rotation (anterior part)
• Thigh Abduction
• Pelvis Stabilisation

Kenhub:

Gluteus minimus: Origin, insertion, innervation, function | Kenhub

Gluteus Medius

Gluteus Medius

ORIGIN

• Gluteal Surface of ilium

(between anterior and posterior gluteal lines)

INSERTION

• lateral aspect of greater trochanter of femur

INNERVATION

• Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)

FUNCTION

Hip Joint:

• Thigh Internal rotation (anterior part)
• Thigh Abduction
• Pelvis Stabilisation

Kenhub:

Gluteus medius: Origin, insertion, innervation, function | Kenhub

Gluteus Maximus

Gluteus Maximus

ORIGIN

• Lateroposterior surface of sacrum and coccyx
• Gluteal Surface of ilium (behind posterior gluteal line)
• Thoracolumbar fascia
• Sacrotuberous ligament

INSERTION

• Iliotibial tract
• Gluteal tuberosity of femur

INNERVATION

• Interior gluteal nerve (L5-S2)

FUNCTION

Hip Joint:

• Thigh Extension
• Thigh External Rotation
• Thigh Abduction (superior part)
• Thigh Adduction (Inferior part)

Kenhub:

Gluteus maximus: Origin, insertion, innervation, function | Kenhub

How are Muscles named?

LATIN

Policis

Trunk

Upper Limbs

Hand

Metacarpal

Palmar Interossei (3)

Palmar Interossei (3)

ORIGIN

• Ulnar side of metacarpal bone 2
• Radial side of metacarpal bones 4 & 5

INSERTION

1:

• Ulnar base of proximal phalanx
• Extensor expansion of digit 2

2 & 3:

• Radial base of proximal phalanges
• Extensor of digits 4 & 5

INNERVATION

• Deep Branch of ulnar nerve (C8-T1)

FUNCTION

Metacarpophalangeal joints 2,4 & 5:

• Finger Flexion
• Finger adduction

Interphalangeal joints 2,4 & 5:

• Finger Extension

Kenhub:

Palmar interossei: Origin, insertion, action, innervation | Kenhub

Dorsal Interossei (4)

Dorsal Interossei (4)

ORIGIN

• Adjacent sides of metacarpal bones 1-5

INSERTION

1 & 2:

• Radial bases of proximal phalanges
• extensor expansions of digits 2 & 3

3 & 4:

• Ulnar bases of proximal phalanges
• Extensor of digits 3 & 4

INNERVATION

• Deep Branch of ulnar nerve (C8-T1)

FUNCTION

Metacarpophalangeal joints 2-4:

• Finger Flexion
• Finger abduction

Interphalangeal joints 2-4:

• Finger Extension

Kenhub:

Dorsal interossei of hand: Anatomy and function | Kenhub

Lumbricals (4)

Lumbricals (4)

ORIGIN

1 & 2:

• Radial Aspect of tendons 1&2 of flexor digitorum profundus

3 & 4:

• Opposing aspects of tendons 2-4 of flexor digitorum profundus

INSERTION

• Radial aspect of extensor expansion of digits 2-5

INNERVATION

1 & 2:

• Median Nerve (C8, T1)

3 & 4:

• Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8-T1)

FUNCTION

Metacarpophalangeal joints 2-5:

• Finger Flexion

Interphalangeal joints 2-5:

• Finger Extension

Kenhub:

Lumbrical muscles of the hand: Anatomy and pathology | Kenhub

Hypothenar

Palmaris Brevis

Palmaris Brevis

ORIGIN

• Palmar aponeurosis
• Flexor retinaculum

INSERTION

• Dermis of skin of hypothenar region

INNERVATION

• Superficial branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

FUNCTION

• Tightens palmar aponeurosis, Tightens grip

Kenhub:

Palmaris brevis: Attachments, innervation and function | Kenhub

Opponens Digiti Minimi

Opponens Digiti Minimi

ORIGIN

• Hook of Hamate
• Flexor Retinaculum

INSERTION

• Ulnar aspect of metacarpal bone 5

INNERVATION

• Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

FUNCTION

Carpometacarpophalangeal joint 5:

• Finger Flexion
• Finger Lateral rotation/opposition

Kenhub:

Opponens digiti minimi of hand: Origin, insertion, action | Kenhub

Flexor Digiti Minimi

Flexor Digiti Minimi

ORIGIN

• Hook of Hamate
• Flexor Retinaculum

INSERTION

• Base of proximal phalanx of digit 5

INNERVATION

• Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

FUNCTION

Metacarpophalangeal joint 5:

• Finger Flexion (+ Finger Lateral rotation/opposition)

Kenhub:

Flexor digiti minimi brevis of hand: Anatomy, function | Kenhub

Abductor Digiti Minimi

Abductor Digiti Minimi

ORIGIN

• Pisiform bone

(Pisohamate ligament, tendor of flexor carpi ulnaris)

INSERTION

• Ulnar side of base of proximal phalanx of digit 5
• Extensor expansion of digit 5

INNERVATION

• Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

FUNCTION

Metacarpophalangeal joint 5:

• Finger Abduction and Flexion

Interphalangeal joints:

• Finger Extension

Kenhub:

Abductor digiti minimi of hand: Origin, insertion, action | Kenhub

Thenar

Adductor Pollicis

Adductor Pollicis

ORIGIN

Transverse head:

• Palmar base of metacarpal bone 3

Oblique Head:

• Capitate bone
• Palmar Bases of metacarpal bones 2 & 3

INSERTION

Medial base of proximal phalanx 1 (via ulnar sesamoid bone)

INNERVATION

• Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

FUNCTION

Carpometacarpal joint 1:

• Thumb Adduction

Kenhub:

Adductor pollicis: Origin, insertion and function | Kenhub

Flexor Pollicis Brevis

Flexor Pollicis Brevis

ORIGIN

Superficial head:

• Flexor retinaculum
• tubercle of trapezium bone

Deep Head:

• Trapezoid and capitate bones

INSERTION

Lateral Aspect of base of proximal phalanx 1

(via radial sesamoid bone)

INNERVATION

Superficial Head:

• Recurrent branch of median nerve

Deep Head:

• Deep Branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

FUNCTION

Carpometacarpal & metacarpophalangeal joint 1:

• Thumb Flexion

Kenhub:

Flexor pollicis brevis: Origin, insertion and action | Kenhub

Abductor Policis Brevis

Abductor Pollicis Brevis

ORIGIN

• Tubercle of scaphoid and trapezium bones
• Flexor retinaculum

INSERTION

Lateral Aspect of base of proximal phalanx 1

(via radial sesamoid bone)

INNERVATION

Recurrent branch of median nerve (C8, T1)

FUNCTION

Carpometacarpal joint 1:

• Thumb Abduction

Kenhub:

Abductor pollicis brevis: Origin, insertion and function | Kenhub

Opponens Pollicis

Opponens Pollicis

ORIGIN

• Tubercle of trapezium bone
• Flexor retinaculum

INSERTION

Radial border of metacarpal bone 1

INNERVATION

Recurrent branch of median nerve (C8, T1)

FUNCTION

Carpometacarpal joint 1:

• Thumb opposition

Kenhub:

Opponens pollicis: Origin, insertion and function | Kenhub

Forearm

Posterior (11)

DEEP (5)

Extensor Indicis

Extensor Indicis

ORIGIN

Posterior surface of distal third of ulna and interosseus membrane

INSERTION

Extensor expansion of index finger

INNERVATION

Posterior Interosseous Nerve (C7, C8)

**Same as:

• Extensor Digitorum
• Extensor Digiti Minimi
• Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
• Supinator
• Abductor Pollicis Longus
• Extensor Pollicis Longus
• Extensor Pollicis Brevis

FUNCTION

Wrist Joint:

• Weak hand Extension

Metacarpophalangeal & Interphalangeal joints of index finger

• Finger Extension

Kenhub:

Extensor pollicis brevis: Origin, insertion and action | Kenhub

Extensor Pollicis Brevis

Extensor Pollicis Brevis

ORIGIN

Posterior surface of distal third of radius and interosseus membrane

INSERTION

Posterior aspect of base of proximal phalanx of thumb

INNERVATION

Posterior Interosseous Nerve (C7, C8)

**Same as:

• Extensor Digitorum
• Extensor Digiti Minimi
• Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
• Supinator
• Abductor Pollicis Longus
• Extensor Pollicis Longus
• Extensor Indicis

FUNCTION

Metacarpophalangeal & Carpometacarpal joint 1:

• Thumb Extension

Kenhub:

Extensor pollicis brevis: Origin, insertion and action | Kenhub

Extensor Pollicis Longus

Extensor Pollicis Longus

ORIGIN

Posterior surface of middle third of ulna and interosseous membrane

INSERTION

Posterior aspect of base of distal phalanx of thumb

INNERVATION

Posterior Interosseous Nerve (C7, C8)

**Same as:

• Extensor Digitorum
• Extensor Digiti Minimi
• Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
• Supinator
• Abductor Pollicis Longus
• Extensor Pollicis Brevis
• Extensor Indicis

FUNCTION

Wrist Joint:

• weak hand extension

Metacarpophalangeal & Interphalangeal joint of thumb:

• Thumb Extension

Kenhub:

Extensor pollicis longus: Anatomy, innervation, function | Kenhub

Abductor Pollicis Longus

Abductor Policis Longus

ORIGIN

• Posterior surface of proximal half of radius, ulna and interosseous membrane

INSERTION

Base of metacarpal bone 1 (Trapezium bone)

INNERVATION

Posterior Interosseous Nerve (C7, C8)

**Same as:

• Extensor Digitorum
• Extensor Digiti Minimi
• Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
• Supinator
• Extensor Policis Longus
• Extensor Policis Brevis
• Extensor Indicis

FUNCTION

Radiocarpal Joint:

• Abduction(radial deviation)

Carpometacarpal Joint of thumb:

• Thumb Abduction
• Thumb Extension

Kenhub:

Abductor pollicis longus: Origin, insertion and function | Kenhub

Supinator

Supinator

ORIGIN

• Lateral epicondylar of humerus
• Radial Collateral Ligament
• Anular Ligament
• Supinator Crest of Ulna

INSERTION

Lateral, Posterior and Anteror surfaces of proximal third of radius

INNERVATION

Posterior Interosseous Nerve (C7, C8)

**Same as:

• Extensor Digitorum
• Extensor Digiti Minimi
• Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
• Abductor Policis Longus
• Extensor Policis Longus
• Extensor Policis Brevis
• Extensor Indicis

FUNCTION

Proximal RadioUlnar Joint:

• Forearm Supination

Kenhub:

Supinator: Origin, insertion and action | Kenhub

SUPERFICIAL (3)

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

ORIGIN

Lateral epicondylar of humerus, Posterior border of ulnar

INSERTION

Base of metacarpal bone 5

INNERVATION

Posterior Interosseous Nerve (C7, C8)

**Same as:

• Extensor Digitorum
• Extensor Digiti Minimi
• Supinator
• Abductor Policis Longus
• Extensor Policis Longus
• Extensor Policis Brevis
• Extensor Indicis

FUNCTION

Wrist Joint:

• Hand Extension
• Hand Adduction

Kenhub:

Extensor carpi ulnaris: Origin, insertion and function | Kenhub

Extensor Digiti Minimi

Extensor Digiti Minimi

ORIGIN

Lateral epicondylar of humerus (common extensor tendon)

**Same as:

• Extensor Digitorum
• Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

INSERTION

Extensor Expansion of digits 5

INNERVATION

Posterior Interosseous Nerve (C7, C8)

**Same as:

• Extensor Digitorum
• Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
• Supinator
• Abductor Policis Longus
• Extensor Policis Longus
• Extensor Policis Brevis
• Extensor Indicis

FUNCTION

Metacarpophalangeal Joint 5:

• Finger Extension

Kenhub:

Extensor digiti minimi: Attachments and function | Kenhub

Extensor Digitorum

Extensor Digitorum

ORIGIN

Lateral epicondylar of humerus (common extensor tendon)

**Same as:

• Extensor Digitorum
• Extensor Digiti Minimi

INSERTION

Extensor Expansion of digits 2-5

INNERVATION

Posterior Interosseous Nerve (C7, C8)

**Same as:

• Extensor Digiti Minimi
• Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
• Supinator
• Abductor Policis Longus
• Extensor Policis Longus
• Extensor Policis Brevis
• Extensor Indicis

FUNCTION

Metacarpophalangeal/Interphalangeal Joint 2-5:

• Finger Extension

Kenhub:

Extensor digitorum: Origin, insertion and action | Kenhub

RADIAL (3)

Brachioradialis

The brachioradialis is a superficial, fusiform muscle on the lateral side of the forearm that attaches proximally on the lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus and distally on the radius, close to its styloid process. Near the elbow, it forms the lateral limit of the cubital fossa, or elbow pit.

Despite the bulk of the muscle body being visible from the anterior aspect of the forearm, the brachioradialis is a posterior compartment muscle and consequently is innervated by the radial nerve.\

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

Extensor carpi radialis longus is a muscle that can be found in the posterior compartment of the forearm. It is partly overlapped by brachioradialisand these muscles often blend together. As its name suggests it is a wrist extensor and can be palpated inferoposteriorly to the elbow.

Extensor Radialis Brevis

Extensor carpi radialis brevis is a fusiform muscle found in the lateral part of the posterior forearm. Together with anconeus, brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi and extensor carpi ulnaris, it belongs to the superficial forearm extensor group.



Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

ORIGIN

Lateral epicondylar of humerus (common extensor tendon)

**Same as Extensor Digitorum

Extensor Digiti Minimi

INSERTION

Posterior Aspect of base of metacarpal bone 3

INNERVATION

Radial Nerve (C5-C8)

**Same as Brachioradialis

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

FUNCTION

Wrist Joint:

• Hand Extension
• Hand Abduction (Radial Deviation)

**Same as Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

KENHUB:

Extensor carpi radialis brevis: Attachments and function | Kenhub

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

ORIGIN

Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus, lateral intermuscular septum of arm

**Same as Brachioradialis

INSERTION

Posterior aspect of base of metacarpal bone

INNERVATION

Radial Nerve (C5-C8)

**Same as Brachioradialis

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

FUNCTION

Wrist Joint:

• Hand Extension
• Hand Abduction (Radial Deviation)
• **Same as Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

KENHUB:

Extensor carpi radialis longus: Anatomy, supply, function | Kenhub

Brachioradialis

Brachioradialis

ORIGIN

Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus, lateral intermuscular septum of arm

**Same as Extensor Carpi Radialis Lonus

INSERTION

(Proximal to) Styloid process of radius

INNERVATION

Radial Nerve (C5-C8)

**Same as Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

FUNCTION

Elbow Joint:

• Forearm flexion (when semi pronated)

KENHUB:

Brachioradialis: Origin, insertion, innervation, action | Kenhub

Anterior (8)

DEEP (3)

Pronator Quadratus

Pronator Quadratus

ORIGIN

Distal anterior surface of ulnar

INSERTION

Distal Anterior surface of radius

INNERVATION

Median Nerve (anterior interosseous nerve) (C7, C8)

**Same as Flexor Pollicis Longus

FUNCTION

• Proximal radioulnar joint: Forearm pronation

KENHUB:

Pronator quadratus: Origin, insertion and function | Kenhub

Flexor Pollicis Longus

Flexor Pollicis Longus

ORIGIN

Anterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane

INSERTION

Palmar Surface of distal phalanx of thumb

INNERVATION

Median Nerve (anterior interosseous nerve) (C7, C8)

**Same as Pronator Quadratus

FUNCTION

• Metacarpaophalangeal and interphalangeal joints 1: Thumb Flexion

KENHUB:

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

ORIGIN

Proximal Half of anterior surface of ulna, interosseous membrane

INSERTION

Palmar surfaces of distal phalanges of digits 2-5

INNERVATION

Digits 2-3: Median Nerve (Anterior interosseous nerve)

Digits 4-5: Ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

FUNCTION

• Metacarpaophalangeal and interphalangeal joints 2-5: Finger Flexion

KENHUB:

Flexor digitorum profundus: Origin, insertion, innervatio | Kenhub

SUPERFICIAL(5)

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

ORIGIN

Humeroulnar head:

Medial epicondyle of humerus

Coracoid process of ulna

Radial Head:

Proximal half of anterior border of radius

INSERTION

Sides of middle phalanges of digits 2-5

INNERVATION

Median Nerve (C8, T1)

FUNCTION

• Metacarpaophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints 2-5: Finger Flexion

KEN HUB:

Flexor digitorum superficialis: Origin, insertion, action | Kenhub

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

ORIGIN

Medial epicondyle of humerus

Olecranon and posterior border of ulna

INSERTION

pisiform bone, hamate bone, Base of metacarpal bone 5

INNERVATION

Ulnar Nerve (C7 - T1)

FUNCTION

Wrist Joint:

• Wrist Flexion
• Wrist Addution

KEN HUB:

Flexor carpi ulnaris: Origin,insertion,innervation,action | Kenhub

Palmaris Longus

Palmaris Longus

ORIGIN

Medial epicondyle of humerus

INSERTION

Flexor retinaculum

Palmar aponeurosis

INNERVATION

Median Nerve (C7, C8)

FUNCTION

Wrist Joint:

• Wrist Flexion
• Tenses palmar aponeurosis

KEN HUB:

Palmaris longus: Origin, insertion and function | Kenhub

Flexor Carpi Radialis

Flexor Carpi Radialis

ORIGIN

Medial epicondyle of humerus

INSERTION

Bases of metacarpal bones 2-3

INNERVATION

Median Nerve (C6, C7)

** Same as Pronator Teres

FUNCTION

Wrist Joint:

• Wrist Flexion
• Wrist Abdution

KEN HUB:

Flexor carpi radialis: Origin, insertion and action | Kenhub

Pronator Teres

Pronator Teres

ORIGIN

Humeral Head:

Medial supracondylar ridge of humerus

Ulnar Head:

Corocoid process of ulna

INSERTION

Lateral surface of radius (distal to supinator)

INNERVATION

Median Nerve (C6, C7)

FUNCTION

Elbow Joint:

• Forearm Flexion

Proximal radioulnar joint:

• Forearm Pronation

KEN HUB:

Pronator teres: Origin, insertion, innervation, action | Kenhub

Shoulder & Arms

Posterior (6)

Anconeus

Anconeus

ORIGIN

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

INSERTION

lateral surface of elecranon

INNERVATION

Radial Nerve (C7,C8)

FUNCTION

Elbow Joint:

• Assits in Forearm Extension
• Stabilization of elbow joint

KEN HUB:

Anconeus muscle: Origin, insertion, innervation, function | Kenhub

Triceps Brachii

Triceps Brachii

ORIGIN

Long Head:

Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Lateral Head:

Posterior Surface of humerus (superior to radial groove)

Medial Head:

Posterior surface of humerus (inferior to radial groove)

INSERTION

Olecranon of Ulna and Fascia of forearm

INNERVATION

Radial Nerve (C6-C8)

FUNCTION

Shoulder Joint:

• Arm extension
• Arm Adduction

(Long Head)

Elbow Joint:

• Forearm Extension

KEN HUB:

Triceps brachii muscle: Attachments, supply and functions | Kenhub

Teres Major

Teres Major

ORIGIN

Inferior angle and lower part of lateral border of scapula

INSERTION

Crest of lesser tubercle of humerus (a.k.a Medial lip of intertubercular sulcus)

INNERVATION

Lower subscapular or thoracodorsal nerves (C5-C7)

FUNCTION

Shoulder Joint:

• Arm internal rotation
• Arm extension
• Arm Adduction

KEN HUB:

Teres major muscle: Anatomy, function, clinical aspects | Kenhub

Teres Minor

Teres Minor

ORIGIN

Lateral Border of scapula

INSERTION

Greater Tubercle of humerus

**Same as Supraspintus & Infraspinatus

INNERVATION

Axillary Nerve (C5, C6)

FUNCTION

Shoulder Joint:

• Arm external rotation
• Arm adduction
• Stabilizes Humeral Head in glenoid cavity

KEN HUB:

Teres minor: Origin, insertion, action and innervation | Kenhub

Infraspinatus

Infraspinatus

ORIGIN

Infraspinatus fossa of scapula

INSERTION

Greater Tubercle of humerus

**Same as Supraspintus & Teres Minor

INNERVATION

Suprascapular Nerve (C5, C6)

**Same as Supraspintus

FUNCTION

Shoulder Joint:

• Arm external rotation
• Stabilizes Humeral Head in glenoid cavity

KEN HUB:

Infraspinatus: Origin, insertion, innervation, function | Kenhub

Supraspinatus

Supraspinatus

ORIGIN

Supraspinatus fossa of scapula

INSERTION

Greater Tubercle of humerus

**Same as Infraspinatus & Teres Minor



INNERVATION

Suprascapular Nerve (C5, C6)

**Same as Infraspinatus

FUNCTION

Shoulder Joint:

• Arm abduction
• Stabilizes Humeral Head in glenoid cavity

KEN HUB:

Supraspinatus: Origin, insertion, innervation, action | Kenhub

Rotator Cuff

SITS

• Subscapularis
• Teres Minor
• Supraspinatus
• Infraspinatus

KEN HUB:

Rotator cuff muscles: Anatomy, functions, injury | Kenhub

Anterior (5)

Brachialis

Brachialis

ORIGIN

Distal half of anterior surface of humerus

INSERTION

Ulnar tuberosity, coronoid process of ulna

INNERVATION

Musculocutaneous Nerve (C5 - C7)

FUNCTION

Elbow Joint:

• Forearm flexion (in all positions)

KEN HUB:

Brachialis muscle: Location, origin and insertion, action | Kenhub

Biceps Brachii

Biceps Brachii

ORIGIN

Long Head:

Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Short Head:

Coracoid Process of Scapula

INSERTION

Radial Tuberosity of Radius

INNERVATION

Musculocutaneous Nerve (C5 - C6)

** Same as Coracobrachialis

FUNCTION

Elbow Joint:

• Forearm flexion
• Forearm supination

Shoulder Joint:

• Weak arm flexion

KEN HUB:

Coracobrachialis

Coracobrachialis

ORIGIN

Coracoid Process of Scapula

INSERTION

Anteromedial surface of humeral shaft

INNERVATION

Musculocutaneous Nerve (C5 - C6)

** Same as Biceps Brachii

FUNCTION

Shoulder Joint:

• Arm flexion
• arm adduction

KEN HUB:

Coracobrachialis: Attachments, innervation, function. | Kenhub

Subscapularis

Subscapularis

ORIGIN

Subscapular Fossa of Scapula

INSERTION

Lesser Tubercle of Humerus

INNERVATION

Upper and Lower Subscapular Nerves (C5 - C6)

FUNCTION

Shoulder Joint:

• Arm internal rotation
• Stabilizes Humeral head in glenoid cavity

** Part of the Rotator Cuff

KEN HUB:

Subscapularis: Origin, insertion, action, innervation | Kenhub

Subtopic

Subscapularis Function

Deltoid

Deltoid

ORIGIN

• Clavicular Part

Lateral third of Clavicle

• Acromial Part

Acromion of Scapula

• Spinal Part

Spine of Scapula

INSERTION

Deltoid Tuberosity of Humerus

INNERVATION

Axillary Nerve (C5-C6)

FUNCTION

Shoulder Joint:

• Arm Flexion
• Arm internal rotation

(Clavicular Part)

• Arm Abduction

(Acromial Part)

• Arm Extension
• Arm Lateral Rotation

(Spinal Part)

KEN HUB:

Deltoid muscle: Origin, insertion, innervation, function | Kenhub

Deltoid Function

Three heads of Deltoid