Kategorier: Alle - stress - treatment - depression

af Neelam Bhorut 2 år siden

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PPD: THE BIG PICTURE

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a serious mental health condition affecting new mothers and their infants, characterized by prolonged emotional disturbances such as extreme sadness, anxiety, and exhaustion.

PPD: THE BIG PICTURE

PPD: THE BIG PICTURE

Senses send messages through receptor cells to our brain, using our nervous system.

Survey

How we taste:

Tongues also have chemical sensors to give a sense of taste.

Next
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Questions

List a thing you can taste.

Example: cake, chocolate, pizza

Add a describing word for that thing.

You can choose from the examples below:

sweetsaltysourgoodbad

Treatment Stategies

How we smell:

Our noses have sensors that detect chemicals that make up a smell.

cognitive-behavioral therapy and interpersonal therapy
social support from other mothers, friends, and relatives

List a thing you can smell.

Example: laundry detergent on clothes, perfume, food from the restaurant

Making sure new mothers are getting sufficient rest, sleep, and cutting down on less important responsibilities

Add a describing word for that thing.

You can choose from the examples below:

nicestinky

Consequences

How we hear:

Our ears have sound sensors in the inner ears.

They also have sensors that work on keeping you balanced and aware of where you are in your environment.

2
1

List a thing you can hear.

Example: clock ticking, birds chirping

Add a describing word for that thing.

You can choose from the examples below:

loudsoft

Effect of PPD

How we see:

Our eyes translate light into image signals so the brain can process them.

Next POINT
In Infants
In Fathers
In Mothers

List a thing you can see.

Example: sunset, picture

Add a describing word for that thing.

You can choose from the examples below:

prettyuglydirtycleanbiglittle

Risk Factors

How we feel:

The receptors from our skin send touch signals to the brain.

Little research found unplanned Cesarean sections can be traumatic upon both the mother and baby(American Psychological Association, 2015)
Culture
x
Stress
Negatively affect newborns

emotional problems in girls and boys can be a factor in an newborn’s potential future development of mental health disorders such as schizophrenia and severe depression

infant temperamental problems and fussiness

ncreased risk for miscarriage

Smaller birth weight,

Maternal related stress
physical, emotional and behavioral problems that can negatively affect a person’s mind and health
Stressful life events during pregnancy or shortly after giving birth have also shown to be indicative of postpartum depression
Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS)
Psycho-social and psychological history
past history of mental health disorder(Mayo Clinic Staff, 2015)

Past History indicate higher levels of psychiatric symptoms amongppd women

Disorders

Subtopic

depressive symptomology

Zelkowitz and Milet’s (1996) findings that when a woman experiences psychiatric symptoms postpartum, her partner is more likely to experience similar symptoms postpartum

lesbian birth mothers/co-mothers

anxiety experienced postpartum

Weinberg and colleagues (2001) - more negative and less positive affect with higher depressive symptoms, higher anxiety levels, and greater psychiatric symptoms

prenatal anxiety

symptoms can be an indicator of potential infant attachment.

ecognized as feelings of guilt, feelings of chronic anxiety, a lack of energy, persistent crying, isolation, and worries about the relationship (PANDAS Foundation, 2014).

Anxiety before birth,

major depressive disorder

heightened psychiatric symptoms, higher levels of depressive symptomatology, and greater anxiety is observed (Weinberg et al., 2001).

(Stein and colleagues (2012)) mothers who have a past history of major depressive disorder prior to giving birth responded less to their child’s vocalization (cries, coos, etc.)

Marital and family relationship
Marital satisfaction

indicating less satisfaction with parenthood and more concerned about changes in intimacy with their spouses.

less satisfaction in marriages, increased worry about family responsibilities, and greater dissatisfaction in changes in household routines, recreation, and intimacy with their partners

A lack of strong emotional support from a spouse, partner, family, or friends
Relationship adjustment

satisfaction, interactions, and behaviors between spouses and domestic partners (Fast Track Project, 2011)

Spanier Dyadic Adjustment Scale (1976)- relationship adjustment was lower/depressive and anxiety symptoms tended to be higher

Newborn related factors
Describing word
Preg and birth related
medical complications during the childbirth process or mixed feelings about the pregnancy
Socio Demographic factors

List a thing you can feel.

Example: sand, a fine silk coat, a fluffy teddy bear

More details

Add a describing word for that thing.

You can choose from the examples below:

hotcoldroughsmoothsofthardwetdry

Main topic

WHAT IS PPD

If left untreated- can last for a period of time, often months or years, sometimes becoming a chronic depressive disorder-may be life-threatening
woman can potentially risk harming themselves or their baby
begins before or any time after childbirth,between one week and one month after delivery
a serious mental health problem characterized by a prolonged period of emotional disturbance, occurring at a time of major life change and increased responsibilities in the care of a newborn infant-feelings of extreme sadness, anxiety, and exhaustio
difficult for mothers to complete activities of daily living for themselves, their newborn, and for others, which can result in feelings of detachment from their newborn and family
interfere with a mother’s ability to make a meaningful connection with her newborn and care for her newborn
negatively affects the lives of mothers and their newborns
Treatable mood disorder