Chp 4 Nutrients

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Chp 4 Nutrients

proteins

antibodies formation to combat diseases

used for enzyme & hormone synthesis

essential for protoplasm synthesis

Increasing order of complexity: amino acids -> polypeptides -> proteins

R

COOH

CH

NH2

often

phosphorus

sulphur

nitrogen

hydrogen

oxygen

carbon

Description: add 2cm3 of sodium hydroxide shake mixture add 1% copper sulphate solution, drop by drop shake after drop

Negative result: solution remains blue

Positive result: solution turns violet

means to restrict water loss from skin surface

reduces rate of water evaporation & heat loss

oily secretion by sebaceous glands in skin forms thin layer over surface

constituent of protoplasm

solvent for fat-soluble solution

related hormones

sex hormones

vitamins

insulating material

efficient source & storage of energy

Increasing order of complexity: glycerol + fatty acids -> fats

broken down to

3 fatty acid molecule

1 glycerol

general formula

unsaturated fats: -

saturated fats: CnH2nO2

basic unit(s)

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

less O:H than carbohydrates

Video:

Description: add 2cm3 of ethanol shake mixture thoroughly add same amount of water

Negative result: remains clear & colourless

Positive result: cloudy white emulsion form

water

essential for chemical reaction

photosynthesis

hydrolysis

need to control body temperature

key component of transport

solvent for chemical reactions

H2O

hydrogen, oxygen

Carbohydrates

functions

synthesize lubricants

formation of deoxyribonucleic acid

converted to other organic compounds

fats

amino acids

form suppoting structures

cellulose cell walls

source of energy

molecule

Increasing order of complexity: monosaccharide -> disaccharides -> polyssacharides

polysaccharides macromolecules(s)

glycogen

cellulose

starch

disaccharides intermidiate molecule(s)

sucrose

lactose

maltose

monosaccharides basic unit(s)

general formula: CmH2nOn

galactose

fructose

glucose

food test

starch test

Description: add a few drops of iodine to a sample

negative result: solution remains brown/yellow

positive result: solution turns blue black

Video

reducing sugar

Description: add an equal volume of Benedict's solution shake and then heat in a beaker of hot water

negative result: solution remains blue

positive result: solution turns orange/yellow/brick-red