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Students were isolated, their culture disparaged
These schools left indigenous students left them disoriented and insecure, with the feeling that they belonged to neither Indigenous nor settler society.
These residential schools stripped indigenous people's culture away and left the extremely scarred and hurt for their entire lives.
The line between punishment and abuse was frequently crossed in these schools. . Students who did not adhere to school schedules and regulations received strapping (whippings) and were often humiliated in front of peers. Students who tried to escape from the schools had their hair cut very short.
This had a great mental impact on both the parents and the children, as the children would be taken away from their families, and once they would leave the schools they were barely recognisable.
These residential schools had a ripple affect on the children of the parents because they ended up feeling that they had to discipline their own children, the way that they were disciplined in residential schools.
The students in these schools were physically, emotionally, sexually abused, they were taken away from their siblings and parents and were allowed no contact. They were forced to speak and learn english and they were not allowed to practice their won cultural traditions, if they did they would have to face severe punishment.
There were too many children and not enough food and clothes, or room for everyone. Conditions in residential schools were extreme poor, and a lot of people faced and gained diseases due to unsanitary and horrible conditions.
Trauma
When the students would run away, or either age out of the system, they felt like they did not belong with their families anymore, due to the fact that they could not speak the same language or relate to them. Some of them even returned to the residential schools because that is where they felt they belonged.
Families
Because these children were disciplined by abuse, they thought that that was the only way to discipline and abuse their own children.
Ripple Effect
The indigenous culture was incompletely lost and so the ripple affect was caused, it led to families suffering from the same affect as in the residential schools, for years and years. With the children's kids.
This instilled that the government was allowed to start residential schools, have total control over the land that te aboriginal people lived on, and total control over how much of their culture they were allowed to practice.
Camps were set up mostly in Canada’s hinterland.In most camps, men were divided by ethnicity and by class.
During the War, enemy aliens were used as internees as low-cost labour.
Four internment camps opened in Canada’s western national parks: at Banff, Jasper, Mount Revelstoke and Yoho.
Internees did a variety of work, including constructing roads and clearing land.
Through their labour, the internees played an important part in building Canada’s western national parks.
Labelling them “enemy aliens,” the federal government passed regulations which allowed it to monitor and even intern some of these immigrants.
The early part of the war witnessed a substantial backlash against many elements of the German presence in Canada.
Public schools removed German language instruction from their curriculum
Unruly mobs were allowed to attack them and their properties in cities across the country. German schools closed, and German-language papers suppressed
Once the Japanese population began to exceed that of the Chinese, In 1928, Japan agreed to limit its emigration to 150 people per year.
After years of encouraging racist policies, the government allowed the Japanese to vote.
This resulted in a partial success in 1931 won the vote for Japanese veterans of the First World War
Following the end of the first war, returning Chinese veterans continued to face racial intolerance as well as unemployment.
In 1885 the Chinese became prey to a head tax. The head tax was designed to discourage Chinese from entering Canada.
It was assumed that Chinese people were too poor to pay and therefore would not be able to come to Canada.
o immigrants from any other country ever had to pay such a tax to enter Canada
Merchants and students were exempt from the tax. N
The greatest indignity was the passage of the 1923 Immigration Act, also known as the Chinese Exclusion Act.
The 1923 Immigration Act
The Chinese Immigration Act of 1923, often referred to as the Chinese Exclusion Act, effectively closed off Chinese immigration to Canada .
Before 1923, Chinese immigration was already heavily controlled by the Chinese Immigration Act of 1885, which head tax on all immigrants from China . Established on July 1, 1923, the Act had banned Chinese immigrants from entering Canada except merchants, diplomats, and foreign students.
It was not until 1947 that Canada finally repealed the Chinese Exclusion Act. Because Canada signed the United Nations' Charter of Human Rights at the conclusion of the Second World War
Seeing in them the same racial threat as it saw in Japanese Canadians and Chinese immigrants the government limited South Asian rights and privileges. In 1907 South Asians were denied the right to vote and access to political office, jury duty, the professions, public-service jobs and labour on public works.
In the next year, the federal government enacted an immigration regulation that specified that immigrants had to travel to Canada with continuous-ticketing arrangements from their country of origin.
The famous five fought for women's rights to be considered "persons" under the law
Persons Case
The persons case was a very important event in Canadian Women History, and it allowed the famous five women to fight for women to be legally considered "persons" under the law.
During the war, women extended their charitable work to the war effort. They knit socks, scarves, and mitts and prepared parcels for Canadians overseas, gathered materials for scrap collection drives, and helped people displaced by the war by providing clothes and setting up refugee centres.
This group fought for women's equality rights
Asian Canadians also suffered from discrimination and was denied to join forces
Asian Canadians weren’t allowed to enlist but some were still accepted.
196 Japanese Canadians were still able to enlist
During WW1 the German and Ukrainian Canadians experienced a lot of discrimination.
Over 1 million people of German or Ukrainian descent lived in Canada in 1914.
Canadians feared that some of them would be spies so they were labeled as enemy aliens.
Enemy Aliens
They also lost the right to vote and most of them lost their jobs as well.
The Government forced them into internment camps which were similar to prisons.
Internment camps
In 1914, immigrants from Austria-Hungary, Germany and the other Central Powers were rounded up and locked away in internment camps. (for being "enemy aliens"
They had to carry ID documents and report their movements to police.
During the war, German and Ukrainian Canadians were treated very harshly.
Even though they were treated really bad, 10 000 German and Ukrainian Canadians enlisted to fight for Canada and lied about their backgrounds to be accepted by military.
Others believe that it was to support their country.
It was believed that they wanted to sign up to fight rather than be locked up in internment camps.
Interracial marriage was also not accepted at the time.
Since there was a lot of discrimination, Black Canadians would live in communities mostly consisting of people from their own race.
Many officers at the time, believed that black Canadians would make inefficient soldiers and they wouldn't be able to join the army unless their skin was very light.
Young Black Canadians were eager to serve country. Yet, the prejudiced attitudes of many of the people in charge of military enlistment made it very difficult for these men to join the Canadian Army.
Most Black Canadian applicants were denied but, some did manage to enlist in White Battalions
Faced discrimination from racist groups such as the KKK
May 1916, government created a non-combatant Black Battalion
The No. 2 Construction Battalion was Canada's first and only all-black military unit. Some of the men in the battalion received great honours for their valuable service.
A few of the men from the battalion went on to serve as combat soldiers. Two black Canadian soldiers fought bravely in the battle of Vimy Ridge, one of Canada's most famous military efforts.
Over 10% of Black Canadians served in the war.
They assisted in logging, milling, shipping, repairing roads, providing water, and digging trenches.
They became so efficient that they were sent to the Front Lines
The dedicated service of the "Black Battalion" and other Black Canadians who fought in the First World War is now remembered and celebrated as a cornerstone of the proud tradition of Black military service in Canada.
To honour the No.2 Construction Battalion, their HQ became municipal historical land in 1991. (Their HQ was in Market Wharf, Nova Scotia)
The residential schools were usually very far away from the reserves.
The rest of their family lived in Indian Reservations where they were able to follow their traditional ways.
During the time, the government also wanted to assimilate them into Mainstream Society by putting the children in to Residential Schools.
