PHYLOGENETIC_TREE

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Common Ancestor -DNA as Genetic Storage -Ester bonds in cell membrane

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Common Ancestor Between Archea and Eukarya -Presence of Histones

Eukarya - Membrane-bound Organelles -Membrane-bound Nucleus

Archaeplastida -Primary Plastid

Rhodophytes

Green Algae

Chlorophytes

Common Ancestors of Charophytes and land plants -Cellulose in cell walls -Proteins - Enzymes

Charophytes -Tissue growth throughout body -Zygotic Life cycle

Braun's stonewort (Chara braunii)

LAND PLANTS -Atypical Mainstem -Sporic life cycle -Presence of embryo -Desiccation-resistant spores -Presence of gametangia -Presence of Sporangia

Liverworts

Common Liverwort (Marchantia polymorpha)

Common Ancestor

Mosses

Woolly Feather Moss (Tomentypnum nitens

Hornwarts

Field hornwort (Anthoceros agrestis)

VASCULAR PLANTS -Dominate generation is sporophyte -Thick waxy cuticle -Stomata -Xylem and Phloem distribute water and sugars -Presence of lingnin

Lycophytes -Lychophyllus leaves

Fan clubmoss (Diphasiastrum digitatum)

Common Ancestor - Megaphylls

monilophytes

Eastern Marsh Fern (Thelypteris palustris)

SEED PLANTS - Pollen - Seed - Heterospory - Wood - Ovules

Gymnosperm

Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris)

Bald Cypress (Taxodium distichum)

Angiosperm -Flowers -Ovaries -Endosperm -Fruit

White Water Lily (Nymphaea alba)

Southern Magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora)

Southern Magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora)

Subtopic

Excavata -Feeding groove -Sceondary plastid

Euglenoids

Unikonta

Amebozoa -Movement with pseudopodia

Slime molds

Opisthokonta -Single posterior flagellum on swimming cells

American Black Bear ( Ursus americanus)

SAR clade

Rhizaria -Filose Pseudopodia

Foraminiferas

Radiolarians

Common Ancestor of Stramenopila and Alveolata -secondary Plastids

Alveolata -Membranous vesicles on cell membrane

Dinoflagellate

Stramenopila -Tripartite flagellar hair

Diatomes

Giant Kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera)

Archea -Ether bonds present in cell Membrane

Mehanobrevibacter Smithii

Bacteria -Presence of peptidoglycan in cell wall

Escherichia Coli