The Toulmin Argument

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The Toulmin Argument

Backing

provides support on top of the data and grounds (metapatterns par. 11). It does this by answering questions or points of concerns that the reader might have (metapatterns par. 11).

Grounds

coincides with the data to make an argument credible

the logos of the toulmin argument. It is composed of concrete evidence and defines the "reasoning behind a claim" (metapatterns par. 4).

Claim

connected to the data by the warrant

supported by the data

definition: point that you are trying to prove (metapatterns par. 2)

SOURCES

Nordquist, Richard. "Warrants in the Toulmin Model of Argument." Thought Co., 14 April, 2014.

Metapatterns. "Toulmin's Argument Model." English Composition II: Rhetorical Methods–Based. Edited by Lumen Learning. Lumen Learning, Portland, OR, 2019.

Rebuttal

reinforces the warrant

Allows author to address and argue against the opposition to the claim.

Warrant

indicates the relevancy of a claim (Nordquist).

Responsible mainly for correlating the data to the claim (metapatterns par. 8). Explains what makes evidence prove your claim to be true (metapatterns par. 8).

never directly takes the role of the data, but dictates the rules that relates them to the overall argument (Nordquist).

Qualifier

scales the "strength of the leap from the data to the warrant" (metapatterns par. 13.)

Data

connected to the claim by the warrant

evidence used to support your claim (metapatterns)