LEARNING LANGUAGE STRATEGIES

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LEARNING LANGUAGE STRATEGIES

Oxford (1990)

TWO major classes:

2).INDIRECT STRATEGIES

SOCIAL STRATEGIES

actions which learners choose to take in order to interact with other learners and with native speakers.

eg.asking question for clarifications.

b). AFFECTIVE STRATEGIES

involve regulating of emotion, motivation and attitudes.

eg.taking your emotional temperature.

a).METACOGNITIVE STRATEGIES

deal with pre-assesment and pre-planning, online-planning and evaluation of langauge use events. such events allow learners to control their own cognition by coordinatingthe planning, organising, and evaluating of the learning process.

eg. centering your learning

1).DIRECT STRATEGIES

c).COMPENSATION STRATEGIES

for using the language despite knowledge gaps.

eg.guessing inteligently,overcoming limititations in speaking and writing.

b).COGNITIVE STRATEGIES

used for understanding and producing teh language. it involve identification,retention, storage or retrieval of words, phrases and other elements of the language.

eg. practicing,receiving and sending message.

a).MEMORY STRATEGIES

involve remembering important things we hear or read in the target language and retrieving of new information.

eg. applying images and sounds, reviewing well.

Prof.Dr. Mohamed Amin Embi

Exam LLS

reading over notes/exercises, studying grammar books, memorising essay formats, doing previous exam papers.

Out-of-Class LLS

conversing in English with friends out side of school, conversing with teachers in school, looking for opportunities to learn English.

Classroom LLS

paying attention in class, listening to teacher's speech, reading over class work, asking friends to clarify, discussing with friends.

O'Malley&Chamot (1985)

socioeffective

part of cooperative learning, which involves peer interaction to achieve a common goal in learning .

cognitive

more direct manipulation of the learning material itselfsuch as repetition,resourcing,translation,grouping,note taking, deduction, recombination, imagery,auditory representation, key word, contextualization,elobaration,transfer and inferencing are among the most important cognitive strategies.

metacognitive

help learners to regulate their own cognition and focus,plan and evaluate their progress as they move towards communicative competence.