SBI4U Enzymes (Ebtesam Amri)

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por YongYee Lim

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por حسن العلي

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Regulation of glucose

Blood

Glucagon

Insulin

Pancrease

ATP (The body's Chemical form of energy)

Substrate level phosphoralization

Oxidative Phsphoralization

Functional Proteins

Transport proteins

Carrier proteins

Template strand

Pyruvate Oxidation

The Krebs Cycle

Mitochondria

ETC

ATP synthase

Acetyl-CoA

Hydrogen Bonds

Replication Fork

Enzymes

RNA Polymerase

mRNA

Codons

Cytoplasim

5'Cap

Poly-A-Tail

Activation Energy

Coenzymes

NAD

Carrier

NADPH

electrons

FADH2

NADH

Hydrogens

Hydrogen Protons

Proton gradient

FAD+

Enzyme activation

Molecular signaling

Coenzyme A

Concentration Gradients

Low Concentration

High Concentration

cell organelles

Cells

Cell membrane

Semi-permible membrane

Active transport

Enducrine system

Glands

Hormones

Urinary system

Nephron

Reabsorbtion

The nervous System

Axon

Neurons

Repolarization

Depolarization

+40 mv Voltage

Sodium/Potassium Pump

Axon membrane

resting state

stimulus

-55 mv Voltage

K+

Voltage gated K+ channel

-70 mv Voltage

Na+

Voltage gated Na+ channel

passive transport

Osmosis

Hypertonic

Hypotonic

Isotonic

Diffusion

Facilitated Diffusion

solutes

Molecules

Ions

Metabolic Pathways

Homeostasis

Waste excreting

Thermoregulation

Low Temperature

High Temperatue

Sweat glands

Sweat

Cellular respiration

Glycolysis

Pyruvate

Aerobic

Anarobic

Fermentation

Anabolism pathways

Phtosynthesis

Light reactions

Calvin Cycle

Carbon Fixation

RuBP

RuBisCO

3-PGA

G3P

Solar energy

Photons

Catabolism pathways

Stored fats

Oxygen

Glucose

glycogen

CO2

H2O

Structure

allosteric site

Proteins

Channel Proteins

Voltage gated

Protein Synthesis

RNA's

Primer

DNA Polymerase

Transcription

Translation

Ribosomes

tRNA

DNA

Neucleotides

Mutations

DNA replication

Strands

Leading strand

DNA Ligase

Lagging strand

Helicase

RNA Primase

Genes

Biotechnology

CRISPR-Cas9

Recombinant DNA

Restriction enzymes

Levels of structure

Tertiary Structure

Secondary Strucuture

Beta sheets

Alpha Helix

Primary structure

Sequences

Amino Acids

conformation (shape)

R groups

Peptide bonds

Polypeptide chains

Protein folding

Active site

Lock & Key

Substrate binding

Function

Enzyme Denaturation

PH level

Temperature

Chemical Reactions

Redox Reactions

Oxidation

Reduction

Inhebetors

Noncompeptetive inhibitor

Competetive inhibitor

The human body relies on intricate processes to maintain stability and support life. Central to this is the regulation of glucose, a vital energy source, managed by hormones like insulin and glucagon produced by the pancreas.