SOUTH AMERICA

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CRITICAL THINKING

por KAROL JIMENA VACA RIVERA

THE PATH TO MODERN SPAIN

por silvia valderrama

GLD2OR

por Arman Grewal

US ELECTIONS

por SABINE ACHOUR

SOUTH AMERICA

COLOMBIA

2010 Juan Manuel Santos

defense minister of alvaro uribe

2002 Alvaro Uribe

conflict with ecuador when colombian army crossed the border to persecute the FARC

2006 reelected

start strong front against cartels and guerrilas

FARC got involved drug production

1200 US military assistance against drug trade

1990 CEsar Gavina

intrauration of neoliberalism

liberal party

1980 unprecedent level of violence

1970 drug cartels

Medellin

Cali

National Liberation Army and Colombian Revolutionary Armed Forces were created

"la violencia" 1946-64

ends with negotiation to share the power

Liberals vs Conservatives

elite of coffee plantation owners

VENEZUELA

Hugo Chávez 1998

nationalization of key sectors of the industry with no regard to foreign assets involved in them

cement

steel

electricity

telecommunications

petroleum

he could run for president in 2012

2009 referendum where term limitations for presidency where eliminated

his government kept close ties with Cuba and Iran

2002 attempt to remove him from office

he won the support of the working class

he installed a populist regime with non expenses on education and food coupons

Luis Herrera Campins and Carlos Andres Perez

had to deal with the defeated exports and increase on inflation capital flight and unemployment

country´s economic dependence on oil revenues

uninterrupted democracy since 1985

never affected by a dictatorship in the XX century

BOLIVIA

2005 Evo Morales

2009 re-elected

devaluation of boliviano under control

economy growing

railroads and mines 2007

nationalization of the oil industry in 2006

more rights for the indigenous comunities

advocated to more taxes on the wealther population

leftist reform

first bolivian president to come from indigenous descent

2002 SAnchez de Lozada

he resigned next year

peasant rebellion

1989 Paz Zamora

fear of loosing US support against drug traffic

domestic production of food and raw materials

neoliberal policies

Paz Estenssoro

opened the door to foreign investment

he dismantled thestate owned mining industry

1985

open door to drug trafficking (economic alternative)

"el Niño" destroyed agricultar production

banks almost had to close their doors

mining industry was colapsing

hyperinflation reached unprecedent levels

between 1978 and 1982, 10 different governments were in charge of the country(military ones including)

poorest country in south america

PERU

2001 Alejandro Toledo

first indigenous president

1990 Alberto Fujimori

fought against terrorism

1992 "self-administered coup"

1985 Alan Garcia

insurgence became bigger problem

1980 Fernando Belaunde Terry

shining path

civil government

1975 military took control

economic crisis

1968 Juan Velasco Alvarado

nationalistic government

agrarian reform and educational reform

took over peru in a coup d'etat

CHILE

2010 Sebastian Piñera

first conservative to be elected after Pinochet

2006 Michelle Bachelet

students demanding better education

socialist and divorcé

first female president in chile

1990 Patricio Aylwin became president

1980n pressure by catholic church that condemned the abuse to human rights

september 11, 1973 military coup led by General Augusto Pinochet

he introduced the neoliberal model

he ended the first democratically socialist government in Chile

19 70 Salvador Allende

the richer sectors allied with the military in a coup defeat to depose Allende

he made radical reforms regarding agriculture and the expropiation and the nationalization or key industries sectors

socialist party

BRAZIL

2008 Brazil become south amercia largest economy

2002 Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva

first leftist in four decades

1989 Fernando Collor de Mello

two years later he resigned (corruption scandal)

won the first elections since 1960

1985 external debt and inflation rate 800%

1968 brazilian "economic miracle"

military dictatorship caused by political and social inestability 1964-1985

was born as a result of portuguese colonization

ARGENTINA

2007 Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner

wife former president Nestor Kirchner

first female president in argentina

1999 Fernando de la Rúa

civil riots led him to resign

faced intense economic crisis

1989 Carlos Saul Menem

made important changes to the constitution, presidental re-election

assumed duties in the midst a major economic crisis

1938 Raul Alfonsin

he inherited the effects of the 1982 crisis in Latin America

1982 conflict with GB over the control of the Fakland Islands(islas malvinas)

1977 meeting in Plaza de mayo

1976 military took power headed by General Videla

1946 Juan Domingo Perón

He established and authoritarian and populist regime.

Oligarchy based on growing wheat and raising cattle. supported by army.