Chloroplast

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Mitochondria

Transport: Mitochondria, transport molecules involved in cellular respiration, such as oxygen and glucose

Roles of O2 and H2O: Cellular respiration, which produces energy in the form of ATP by breaking down organic molecules, is carried out by mitochondria. Water (H2O) is a byproduct of the phosphate oxidation process and has no specific function in mitochondria. But when oxygen absorbs electrons and unites with hydrogen ions, H2O is created.

Electrons: Oxidative phosphorylation, also known as ETC for short, is a process that occurs in the mitochondria.

Locations: The cytoplasm of almost every eukaryotic cell contains Mitochondria. However, they are more widely distributed in regions with high energy needs, such asmuscle cells.

Structure: Mitochondria are double-membrane-bound organelles that are present in nearly all eukaryotic cells, including those of plants and animals. They are made up of an inner membrane that is folded inward and an outer membrane. These structures are known as cristae.

Reaction: The breakdown of organic molecules like glucose to make ATP is a process known as aerobic respiration, which is carried out by mitochondria.

Membranes: The region between the outer and inner membranes of the mitochondria is known as the intermembrane space. It contains a lower protein density compared to the inner membrane.

Chloroplast

Electrons: Photophosphorylation is the term used to describe the electron transport cycle that occurs inside the chloroplast.

Locations: Chloroplasts are specific to plant cells and are primarily found in the cells of leaves and other green tissues.

Membranes: A double membrane known as the envelope membrane encircles the chloroplast. It has an inner membrane, which is separated from the outer membrane by an intermembrane shortage.

Reactions: Sunlight stimulates the light-dependent processeswhich take place in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts. These processes include pigments like chlorophyll absorbing light energy.

Roles of O2 and H2O: Photosynthesis, which uses carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O), and sunlight to transform light energy into chemical energy (glucose), is carried out by chloroplasts. As a result of photosynthesis, oxygen is released. Water (H2O) is a critical component of photosynthesis in chloroplasts. It serves as the source of electrons and protons needed for the light-dependent reactions.

Transport: Carbon dioxide, water, and sugars are the main substances transported by chloroplasts during photosynthesis.

Structures: Plant cells and certain protists include organelles called chloroplasts that are double-membrane bound. They often resemble lenses or discs and are composed ofchlorophyll pigment.