The notion of optional ethnicity is uniquely accessible to White Americans of European descent, allowing them to select their ethnic identities with minimal social repercussions. For non-White Americans, ethnicity is usually a socially enforced identity, significantly influencing their life decisions and opportunities.
Conclusion: The concept of optional ethnicity is primarily available to White Americans of European ancestry, allowing them to choose their ethnic identities without significant social costs. In contract, non-Whites face socially enforced ethnic identities that significantly impact their life choices and opportunities.
Ethnicity and Race Relations
Research Question: What are the implications of White Americans of European ancestry and enforced ethnic identities of non-White Americans, for social interactions and identity formation?
Learned stories from ancestries
Stories learned from ancestries contribute to a view of ethnicity that is highly individualistic and voluntary for White Americans.
Optional Ethnicities
Relations on college campuses
Heightened awareness of students backgrounds as they interact with people from diverse ethnicities, classes, religions, regions and races.
Ethnicities are an option for individuals
The choice exists for White Americans because of social changes
Misunderstandings arise from different perspectives on ethnic identity
Symbolic Ethnicities for White Americans
Ethnicity is not something that influences their lives unless they want it to.