Backing up a Claim
Appeals to Needs and Values: when evidence is not enough the appeal to needs and values comes into play.
Effective Appeals to Values (Pg. 202).
You have to read an aduience in order to appeal to their values. What do they like? What do they care about? (Pg. 203).
values are different for everyone depending on age, sex, race, religion, culture ect. (Pg 203).
Subtopic
The last three of Maslow's classifications are the hardest to appeal to due to them needing human connection (Pg. 201).
make people feel safe from harm. Politicians often do this (Pg 201).
Maslow's needs classification (Pg. 201)
self actualization: realizing ones potential
esteem needs: material success and
recognition from others
social needs: love within a
family and among friends
safety needs: security
and freedom from arm
physiological needs: basic bodily
requirements (food, drink, health, sex)
evidence: what you use to convince the audience to see the subject the same way you do (Pg 175).
factual evidence: possessing a high degree of public acceptance (facts) (Pg. 175).
images (photos can say more than words. they are especially useful when it comes to scientific evidence) (Pg. 179).
expert opinion (the opinions experts formulate based on research they did. It is how they interpret data) (Pg. 178).
statistic (these express information in numbers) (Pg. 177).
comparative statistic: helps put information into perspective and prove the authors point (Pg. 177).
examples (these help enliven a topic) (Pg. 176).
