Luokat: Kaikki - cognitive - indirect - metacognitive - affective

jonka Angeline Hii 8 vuotta sitten

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Language Learning Strategies Classification

Research into language learning strategies has identified several key approaches that learners use to enhance their skills. These strategies are typically categorized into cognitive, socioaffective, and metacognitive types.

Language Learning Strategies Classification

Language Learning Strategies Classification

O'Malley (1985)

Socioaffective Strategies
Question for clarification
Cooperation
Inferencing
Transfer
Elaboration
Contextualization
Key word
Auditory representation
Imagery
Recombination
Deduction
Note taking
Grouping
Translation
Resourcing
Repetition
Self-evaluation
Delayed production
Self-monitoring
Functional planning
Selective attention
Directed attention
Advance organizers

Rubin (1975)

Engaging in activities to practise knowledge

Communicative Strategies

Making use of linguistic or communicative knowledge to remain in the conversation

Asking for clarification

Getting meaning across

Monitoring

Memorization

Practice

Deductive reasoning

Guessing / Inductive inferencing

Clarification / Verification

Self-management

Setting goals

Prioritizing

Planning

Oxford (1990)

Indirect Strategies
Social Strategies

Empathising with others

Cooperating with others

Asking questions

Affective Strategies

Taking your emotional temperature

Encouraging yourself

Lowering your anxiety

Metacognitive Strategies

Evaluating your learning

Arranging and planning your learning

Centring your learning

Direct Strategies
Compensation Strategies

Overcoming limitations in speaking and writing

Guessing intelligently

Cognitive Strategies

Creating structure for input and output

Analysing and reasoning

Receiving and sending messages

Practising

Memory Strategies

Employing action

Reviewing well

Applying images and sounds

Creating mental linkages