Bacterial Pneumonia

Capsule, adhesin, secretory IgA protease, pneumolysin, autolysin, hydrogen peroxide

Gram (+), catalase (-), facultative anaerobe, encapsulated, oval or lancet-shaped, paired or short chains, α-hemolysis

Clinical symptoms; culture confirmation

penicillin; however MDR strains need amoxicillin or erythromycin in extreme cases or allergies

Capsule, peptidoglycan, lysozyme, protein A, teichoic acids, clumping factor, cytolytic toxins, exfoliative toxin, TSST-1, enterotoxin, coagulate, catalase, haluronidase, fibinolysin, lipase, nuclease, lactamase

Gram (+), catalase (+), coagulase (+), facultative anaerobe, non-motile, cluster of spheres golden colonies

Culture Testing; clinical symptoms; golden colonies

floxacillin; Zyvox

Capsule, endotoxins

Gram (-), Aerobic or facultative anaerobe, fermentative, catalase (+)  rods, capsule;Nosocomial infections, urinary tract,oropharynx and the GI tract, spread via  opportunistic infections,

Extended Spectrum B-Lactamase Testing

Third-generation cephalosporins or fluoroquinolones

O antigen, K antigen, H antigen, LPS, Capsule, Antigenic Phase Variation, Exotoxin , fimbriae, intracellular survival and multiplication, siderophores, hemolysins, resistance to serum killing, antimicrobial resistance, verotoxin,

Gram (-), Aerobic or facultative anaerobe, fermentative, catalase (+)  rodsUrinary Tract; spread via consumption, commensal organisms, opportunistic infections, soil water, vegetation, -excretion from GI tract, animal reserve

Serological Testing to determine strain

Third-generation cephalosporins or fluoroquinolones

phagocyte -resistant capsules (PRP), adhesion proteins, lipooligosaccharide, pilus, IgA protease, Outer MB protein

Gram(-), coccobacillary, facultatively anaerobic capnophilic, obligate parasites; normal residents of oral cavity, spread via direct contact, coughing, sneezing

Sputum grey or creamy; grows well in C02 enriched incubator on chocolate agar

 doxycycline; second generation cephalosporins 

adhesins, bacterial neuraminidase, capsule, endotoxin, exotoxin A, exoenzyme S, exoenzyme T, Elastases, Phospholipase C, Antibiotic resistance, Pyocyanin

Multi-drug resistance; Hospital acquired illnessGram (-), Aerobic

blue-green pigment pyocyanin on agar

combination of aminoglycosides and B-lactam antibiotics

Atypical in response to antibiotics; Generally stains poorly due to lack of peptidoglycan or irregular cellular wall or absence of one

proteolytic enzymes, phosphatase, lipase and nuclease, C3b porin binding

aerobic, coccobacilli in tissue, filamentous in culture, saprophytecauses Legionnaire's disease

Abrupt onset of fever, chills, headache and non-productive cough; abnormalities in the GI tract, CNS, liver and kidneys

Macrolides: Erythromycin, azithromycin or clarithromycin Quinolones: Levofloxacin or gatifloxacin Doxycycline

C. burnetii infective bodies

aerobic, obligate intracellular bacteriatransmitted to humans via aerosolized dried feces and urineCauses Q fever

Q fever is diagnosed by serological testing

Long term antimicrobial treatment (doxycycline); vaccine

P1 cytoadhesin,adenosinediphosphate–ribosylase exotoxin

aerobic,lack cytochromes, enzymes of the citric acid cycle, and cell walls, pleomorphic;transmitted by respiratory droplets; found in lower respiratory tract

Incubation 3 weeksNonspecific flulike symptomsdry or scantily productive cough chest x-ray reveals patchy diffuse spots

doxycycline, azithromycin, or levlofoxacin

Elementary Bodies, Reticulate Bodies, Inclusion bodies

serological testing for C. psittaci

Non-motile, grown within vesicles, no cell wall, obligate intracellular bacteriaFound in Birds, transmitted via aerosolization of avian feces

Tetracycline or Azithromycin of a week

Azithromycin or Erythromycin for 14 days

Non-motile, grown within vesicles, no cell wall, obligate intracellular bacteria

Immunofluorescent staining for the presence of the intercellular presence of C. pneumoniae

Elementary Bodies, Reticulate Bodies, Inclusion bodies

General:CBC, Sputum(culture), Radiography(chest), CT scan

General Signs and Symptoms:Fever,Rigors, Cough, Runny nose, Dyspnea, Chest pain

Opacities in the lungs; may depend on severity of disease; progression of pathology

patchy white diffuse spots on lung x-ray

Intra-alveolar space infection; most community acquired pneumonia & bacterial pneumonia

Patchy white, diffuse x-rays; associated with Mycoplasma induced pneumonia

Related to inflammation of alveoli

Interstitial Lung Disease