of one
is equal to
shape
arrangement in
produces
produces
to remove
generally increases as
minimum
in a
shared
is
decreases down
increases across
released energy
generally increases across
such as
such as
such as
but is
experienced by
measured in
increase
decrease
extremely
to
if
is the
more
of
if
depends on
less
explained by
attract
because
larger if larger
helps explain
is the
depends on
influenced by
depends on
rows called
columns called
for the same
which is
and has a
emits
emits
emits
which means
are
have different
some of which are
depending on
have various
depending on
d
p
s
which have
at
and
can't determine
made of
because of
are in
has
always
has
makes up
which is
for
has
which is
has
has
has
made as
easier
help explain
explained by
are
arranged in
can be various
which has
made of
when the
to form
are
becomes
gains
higher up in the group
which are
which are
when the
as the name implies are
becomes
down the group
which are
such as
for example
such as
has
and
makes up
produces
number of
exhibit
for
depending on
reacts with
of
at
arranged in
has
such as
which is
such as
produces
of
loses
reacts with
such as
repel
stronger attraction
generally proportional
mesure in
which are
explained by
has
which inhibit
with
number of

Chemical Trends

Group Trends

Group 1

Alkali Metals

Metals

More reactive

Cation

outer shell full

Group 17

Halogens

Non metals

Extremely Reactive

More reactive

1 Electron

Stable shell

Anion

outer shell full

Matter

Atoms

Atomic Structure

Simplified models

properties, trends, etc

Conceptualization

diagrams

Quantum Model

Proton

positively charged

+1

elementary charge

smallest possible charge

Neutron

nucleus

centered in atom

no charge

Electron

-1

clouds of uncertainty

heisenberg uncertainty principle

position

same time

momentum

shells

subshells

sphere

dumbbell

cloverleaf

elements

proton count

isotopes

neutron count

radioisotopes

radioactive

decays

half-life

exponential

alpha radiation

beta radiation

gamma radiation

atomic mass

neutrons

same element

periodic table

groups

periods

Effective nuclear charge

Nuclear charge

Atomic Number

Protons

electrons

Coulomb's Law

Electron Shielding

ENC

more electrons

number

subshells

Sidenote: exceptions for "generally" in QM

Atomic Radius

ENC

closer

distance

nucleus

small

picometer

across the period

down the group

charge

valence electron

negligible

Trends

Electron Affinity

period

electron is attached

Electronegativity

period

group

tendency to attract

electrons

bond

Ionisation Energy

energy

an electron

atomic number

increases

Heat+Light

Water

Acid

Hydrogen gas + Base

Bohr Rutherford

shells

spherical

Da

1/12 mass

Carbon 12 atom