Saud Bashar_Knowledge Base

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Chapter 1 - Introduction to Computers

Overview

It'sa short introduction of the chapter.We use technoogy in every aspect of our life.

computers in your life

Computers became an essential part of our lives.

Why learn about computers

the use of computers is increasing day by day.pervasive computingonly scientists and researchers used to work with computers

Computers in the home

embedded computers. Smart houses. smart TVs that allow you to check your e-mail while watching the show. wifi connections are used

Computers in education

they are used in schools and universitiessome universities give their students a mobile phone (M.Learning)

Computers on the go

computer is now used in every industry. It's embedded in many devices such as your car or your washing machine.

WHAT IS A COMPUTER ANS WHAT DOES IT DO

It can be defined as a programmable electrical device that does calculationComputers do processes including input, processing, output, storage.

Data Vs. Information

Data is raw facts while information is processed data by the computer

Computers then and now

It's often refered by generations

Precomputers and Early computers

First generation computers

Second generation computers

Third Generation computers

1964-1970the replacement of transistors with ICs

Fourth generation computers

from 1971-presentthe invention of microprocessorapple macintosh

Fifth generation computers

now and the future.They have no specific classification for them

Hardware

Input-used to put data into the computer

Processing devices- processing data

Output- accepts processed data and present the result

Storage- they are used to save data

Software- programs and instructions used to tell the computer hardware to do the objectives

System software

Application software

Computer users and professionals

Computers to fit every need

embedded computersmobile devicespersonal computers midrange serversmainframe computerssupercomputers

embedded computers

mobile devices

personal computers

midrange servers

mainframe computers

supercomputers

Computer Networks and the internet

a computer network is collection of computers and other devices that are connected together to enable users to share hardware, software.

what are the internet and the world wide web

Internet : the largest and most well-known computer network in the world.World wide web: web pages that wre available on the internet

Accessing a network or the internet

domains

URLs

E-mail addresses

pronouncing Internet addresses

Surfing the web

Using URLs and Hyperlinks

Using favorites and history list

Searching the web

Computers and society- computer and technology affects the society

Benefits

the ability to virtually design,built and test new buildingstechnological advances in medicine

Risks

ther are many risk of computers

Security issues

Privacy issues

Differences in online comunication

Anonymity factor

Info. integrity

Chapter2 - System Unit- Processing and Memory

How The CPU Works

the key element is the processor

Typical CPU Components

ALU & FPU

Control Unit

Prefetch Unit

Decode Unit

Registers & internal cache Memory

Bus Interface Unit

The System Clock and the Machine Cycle

Subtopic

Inside The System Unit- the main case for computer

The Motherboard-I has all the internal and extrernal connections

The Power Supply and Drive Bays- it has batteries in the portable computers

The CPU- The brain of the computer

Processing speed- the measurement of the CPU performance

Word Size

Cache Memory-Fast memory circuits

Bus width, speed and bandwidth

Memory

Random Access Memory

Electronic chips that contain all the processed information in the computer

Registers- High speed memory containsintermediate processed data

Read Only Memory- Storage all data and computer content

Flash Memory

Fans, Heat skins, and other cooling components

Heat damages computers- these are devices created to reduce the damage of the compuert

Expansion Slots, Expansion Cards, and express card modules- usd to improve the computer ability

Buses

Memory bus- architecture bus and recent

Frontside Bus

PCI and PCI express

USB Bus

Fire Wire- developed by apple

Ports and Connectors

Monitor Ports

Network ports

Modem ports

Usb ports

Fire Wire

Keyboard & Mouse ports

SCSI ports

MIDI

IrDA

Flash memory

Game ports

Audio ports

eSATA

Data and program representation

Further explanation from wikipedia

Digital data representation-0s and 1s

Representing numerical data-binary numbering system

Coding systems for text-Based Data- ASCII,EBCDIC, and UNicode

Graphic Data-Bits represent all images data

Audio Data- Represented by sound samples

video data- frames per second

Overview- intro to the system unit

Chapter 3 - Storage

Overview

revise to what we learned and introduction to the new chapter

Data and program representation

Digital data representation

binary cosdes or the machine language is used

Sequential and random access

Chapter4- Input and Output

The World Is Flat

Flatteners

Comments on flattners 4,5,6