LW 88 YEARS OF age, code DNI/DNR ADM 2/19/25 ALLergies : hydroxyzine, meperidine. tubes Intravenous infusing Diltiazem. history : Congestive heartfailure, hyperlipidemia, atrial fibrilation paroxysmall, high fall risk, daily weights standing scale 71.5kg. Cheif complain Acute Respiratory Failure with hypoxia. pt on room air continous monitoring oxygen. pt was on a cardiac monitor with a regular diet.. anticipated diagonastic test Ecocardiogram. vital signs were as follows. 8:15 T 36.9,HR 102, RR 21, O2 93, 0 PAIN. AT 9:40 T 36.2, HR 87, RR 21, BP/MAP 101/68 O2 94 , 0 PAIN PATIENT IS alert and oriented times 3 pupil round 0 brisk. regular s1 and s2 symptoms :Edema. Respiratory breathing regular, unlaboured , expiratoey wheezes. skin is appropriate for ethnicity dry warm and fragile. muskuloskeletal WDL, FULL MOVEMENT. CLEAR SPEECH. GI WDL, SOFT ,ACTIVE, GU No incontinence, Colour: unable to access. Labs hgb 14.1 ,platelets 238, wbc 5.9 leuckocytes, Na 133, K 3.8, Creat 0.80 . pATIENT CAME TO THE ED ON 19TH WITH SHORTNESS OF BREATH before she was stabilized.SHE WAS put on 2l of oxygen in ED .REPLACED MAG 2.0. SHE HAS HISTORY OF A FIB WRITE A CONCEPT MAP FOR THIS PATIENT. OTHER MEDICATIONS FOR THIS PATIENT IS AMIODORONRE, APIXABAN, BENZONATATE, FUROSEMIDE, PREDNISONE, DILTIAZEM, EMPAGLIFLOZIN USE ALL THE INFORMATION PROVIDED

Introduction

Definition of respiratory failure

Explanation of hypercapnia

Symptoms and Signs of Respiratory Failure

Shortness of breath

Rapid breathing (tachypnea)

Cyanosis

Confusion or altered mental status

Decreased oxygen saturation

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Diagnosis of Respiratory Failure

Clinical evaluation

Arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis

Pulmonary function tests (PFTs)

Chest X-ray

CT scan or MRI

Hypercapnia in Respiratory Failure

Definition and causes of hypercapnia

Mechanisms of CO2 retention

Signs and symptoms of hypercapnia

Treatment Options

Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV)

Supplemental oxygen therapy

Bronchodilators and corticosteroids

Mechanical ventilation

Addressing the underlying cause of respiratory failure

Prognosis and Complications

Prognosis of respiratory failure

Complications of hypercapnia

Long-term management and follow-up care

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